Amides and Esters Preparation of Carboxylic Acids and Di- and Triethanolamines
Students Name: Komaretska Anastasiia Anatoliivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Chemical Technologies of Organic Substances
Institute: Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2020-2021 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: SUMMARY Komaretska A. A., Melnyk S. R (supervisor). Amides and Esters Preparation of Carboxylic Acids and Di- and Triethanolamines. Master’s thesis. - Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2020. Extended abstract. Surfactants, the main component of which are higher fatty acids (HFA) and their numerous nitrogen-containing derivatives, are widely used today. This is due to the availability and low cost of raw materials, and the development of technological and relatively cheap methods of their synthesis [1]. Surfactants, which serve not only as emulsifiers-stabilizers, but also as structurants and regulators of rheological properties, are mainly products of interaction of individual and mixtures of HFA, their esters or directly oils and fats with mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and polyamines, alcohols , amino alcohols, etc. In particular, as one of the emulsifiers that has the highest surface activity in diesel fuel at the interface with distilled water is known emultal [2] - esters of higher fatty (linolenic, linoleic, oleic) and resin (abietic, neoabietic, pimaric, palistoric) acids. Equally important are the products of interaction of higher fatty acids with ethanolamines are found as emulsifiers of wax emulsions, which are of great industrial importance because they are used as protective water-repellent coatings for fruits, seeds, cemented materials, knitting yarns in the textile industry. According to the authors of the publication [3], the formed emulsions are stable at room temperature and can be stored at normal temperature in any environment. Also obtained condensation products of triglycerides, fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters with monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) are used as surfactants to stabilize the inverse emulsions, because they have a high solubility in the oil phase. Currently, there are two main uses of inverse emulsions: preparation of hydrocarbon-based drilling fluids and the creation of explosive emulsions. Known products of the interaction of esters and ethanolamines, which have a wide range of applications, are TEA-esterquats, synthesized on the basis of oleic acid. They are used in detergents and cleaners, in polishes and wax mixtures, in cosmetics and personal care products and as fabric softeners. Different TEA-esterquats differ mainly in the choice of fatty acids, where fatty acids of different lengths may be present [5]. Study object - processes of interaction of esters and amino alcohols. Scope ofresearch - the interaction of butylpropionate and ethyl oleate and a mixture of di- and triethanolamines in the presence of various catalysts. Goal of research: to determine the patterns of reaction of butylpropionate and ethyl oleate and a mixture of di- and triethanolamines in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst - p-toluenesulfonic acid and heterogeneous catalysts - cation exchange resin KУ-2-8 and anion exchange resin AB-17-8 at different ratios of reagents and different temperatures. The regularities of the interaction of butyl propionate and ethyl oleate with a mixture of di- and triethanolamines in the presence of cation exchange resin KУ-2-8, p-toluenesulfonic acid and anion exchange resin AB-17-8 and at different ratios of reagents were studied. It was found that the type of catalyst affects the reaction rate between butyl propionate and ethanolamines and the final conversion of reagents. The most active catalyst of the reaction was the cation exchange resin KУ-2-8. It was found that the content of cation exchange resin KУ-2-8 in the reaction mixture affects the reaction rate, the final composition of its products. It was also found that an increase in the excess of butyl propionate causes a sharp decrease in its degree of conversion even with a longer reaction time. The optimal conditions for the production of esters and amides by the reaction between ethyl oleate and a mixture of di- and triethanolamines: the molar ratio of EO: EA - 1: 0.9, the mass content of the catalyst - cation exchange resin KУ-2-8 - 1%, the reaction temperature - 148 °C, reaction time 480 minutes This provides a degree of conversion of ethyl oleate of 71.8% and a conversion of diethanolamine of 77.4%. These results are used to develop a technological scheme of the process and determine the cost factors for raw materials. The calculation of the costs of the study is given. Keywords: di- and triethanolamines, butylpropionate, ethyl oleate, cation exchange resin KУ-2-8, p-toluenesulfonic acid, anion exchange resin АВ-8-17. References. Г. С. Поп, Ю. С. Бодачівський, О. Є. Донець (2014). Оливорозчинні емульгатори-стабілізатори на базі вищих жирних кислот олій для нафтогазової галузі. Нафтогазова галузь України, 5, 32–37. Г. С. Поп, В. І. Біленька (2006). Створення поверхнево-активних систем та колоїднохімічні важелі керування їхніми властивостями. Катализ и нефтехимия, 14, 33–42. M. Salman, J. Anwar, Waheed-uz-Zaman, M. U. Shafique, A. Irfan. Preparation of oil/water emulsions of paraffin and bees waxes with water. J. of Sci. Res, 38 (2). Evonik Industries AG. GPS Safety Summary, November 2011, Version 1. URL: https://corporate.evonik.com/en