Accounting, analysis and control of import operations at LLC “Ukrryba LTD”
Students Name: Fal Yuliia Yaroslavivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Accounting and Taxation
Institute: Institute of Economics and Management
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2020-2021 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Fal Y. Ya., Nashkerska M.M. (supervisor). Accounting, analysis and control of import operations at LLC «Ukrryba LTD». Master’s thesis. – Lviv Politechnic National University, Lviv, 2020. Extended abstract. The signing of the economic part of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU created new opportunities for intensification of Ukraine’s foreign economic activity. In turn, imports of high-quality goods and services intensified in Ukraine. In Ukraine, there are many wholesalers and retailers that trade food products, part of them are realized of imported products. Now there is a tendency that it is more profitable for companies to buy goods of foreign origin, because they are now in greater demand and less expensive. These new realities put on the order paper the revision and improvement of accounting system of import operations. After all, there are a number of unresolved questions in the organization of the accounting process of import operations, their analysis and internal control. Many domestic and foreign scientists have contributed to the study of these unresolved issues, namely: O.H. Melnyk, M.YA. Nahirna [1, c.176]; N.V. Olyadnichuk [2]; M.V. Reta [3]; I.V. Smirnova [4]; A.S. Kolyesnichenko [5], N.H. Shepel; S.V. Nesterenko [6, s. 425]; O.YU. Piralova, V.P. Onyshchenko [7, s. 121]; S.O. Kuznetsova [8, s.128]; N. M. Tyurina [9]; E. A. Zin? [10]; V. V. Kozyk, L.A. Pankova [11]. Study object – LLC «Ukrryba LTD», which engaged in wholesale import of food products with subsequent implementation. Scope of research is the organization and reflection in the accounting of import operations of a trading company and timely conduct of internal control and analysis of business processes. Goal of qualification work is exploration the theoretical and methodological principles of accounting, analysis and internal control and provide recommendations for their improvement. According to the results of the study, based on the analysis of scientists’ views on the concepts of «import», «import operations», «import activities» and «exchange rate differences», we proposed a definition of the term «import operations» and clarified the definition of «exchange rate differences"; processed the legislative and normative support for the implementation of import activities; a reviewed of the methodology of analysis of import operations and grouped elements of internal control of import operations by stages of their implementation (previous, current and subsequent control). The main directions of activity of LLC Ukrryba LTD are considered; its economic activity is analyzed; it is established that in relation to import operations there are no clear provisions in the accounting policy of the enterprise; the factors under the influence of which structural and dynamic changes in the imported product range take place are analyzed; the structure of the initial value of imported goods and the efficiency of imported goods of the group «frozen fish» is estimated; the influence of exchange rate differences on the results of the enterprise’s activity is determined and the methods of minimizing this influence are offered. It is proposed to document import operations by stages of the accounting process: concluding and signing contracts with foreign suppliers; registration of customs documentation; posting of imported goods. Recommendations on the creation of the internal control department were provided and a program of control of import operations of LLC «Ukrryba LTD» was developed in accordance with the stages of its implementation. According to the results of the study were: identified problems, detected disadvantages and provided recommendations for improving of accounting systems, analysis and internal control of import operations. Regarding the organization of accounting, LLC «Ukrryba LTD» is proposed to form an appendix to the Order of Accounting Policy in which: to give features of conducting import operations by methodological, organizational and technical aspects, to specify the list of costs to be included in the item «Other cost», which are part of initial cost in accordance with PSBO 9, in terms of other non-core costs associated with customs; to form an analytical nomenclature of costs associated with customs clearance of goods during their import on the customs territory of Ukraine, which the company reflects as the costs of the period; create a sub-account «Goods on the roads» in the working chart of accounts, etc. In relation to analysis system it is proposed: to conduct a comparative analysis of nomenclature groups of import, to provide marketing and analytical research of market conditions, to carry out a prospective analysis of financial stability and solvency; constantly monitor the impact of exchange rate differences on the financial results of activities with and without the use of their minimization methods. In respect of the control system, it is recommended to create an internal control department and a program to control import operations is proposed. Keywords: import, import operations, import activity, accounting, taxation, initial control, analysis. References. 1. Melnyk O.H. and Nahirna M.YA. Importna diialnist pidpryiemstv yak obiekt etiolohichnoi diahnostyky [Import activity as an object of etiological diagnostic]. . Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika», no. 778 (2013): 173-179. 2. Oliadnichuk, N. V., and Pidlubna, O. D. Oblik eksportnoimportnykh operatsii [Accounting of Export-Import Operations]. Oblik i finansy, no. 1 (2017): 48-56. 3. Reta, M. V. Oblikove zabezpechennia operatsii v inozemnii valiuti: okremi aspekty [Accounting Software in Foreign Currency Operations: Some Aspects]. Molodyi vchenyi. 2017. http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/ files/journal/2017/2/74.pdf 4. Smirnova, I. V., and Smirnova, N. V. Metodychni pidkhody do formuvannia oblikovoi polityky importnykh operatsii [Methodical Approaches to the Forming of Accounting Policy of the Imported Operations]. Naukovi pratsi Kirovohradskoho natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu. Seriia «Ekonomichni nauky». 2017. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Npkntu_e_2017_30_23. 5. Koliesnichenko, A. S. Orhanizatsiino-instytutsionalni aspekty obliku zovnishnyoekonomichnoi diialnosti subiektiv hospodariuvannia [Organizational and Institutional Issues in Accounting of Foreign Economic Activity of Business Entities]. Efektyvna ekonomika, no. 2 (2020). DOI: 10.32702/2307-2105-2020.2.65. 6. Shepel, N. H., and Nesterenko, S. V. Chynnyky vplyvu na zovnishnyoekonomichnu diialnist promyslovykh pidpryiemstv Ukrainy [Factors Influencing the Foreign Economic Activity of Industrial Enterprises of Ukraine]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo, no. 20 (2019): 424-432. 7. Piralova, O. Yu., and Onyshchenko, V. P. Aktualni pytannia obliku importnykh operatsii [Current Issues of Accounting for Import Transactions]. Bukhhalterskyi oblik, opodatkuvannia, analiz i audyt: suchasnyi stan, problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku. Chernihiv: ChNTU, 2015. 121-123. 8. Oblik zovnishnyoekonomichnoi diialnosti [Accounting for Foreign Economic Activity]. Kharkiv: Vydavnytstvo Ivanchenko I. S., 2019. 9. Tiurina, N. M., and Karvatska, N. S. Osnovy zovnishnyoekonomichnoi diialnosti [Fundamentals of Foreign Economic Activity]. Kyiv: Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 2013. 10. Zin, E. A., and Duka, N. S. Osnovy zovnishnyoekonomichnoi diialnosti [Fundamentals of Foreign Economic Activity]. Kyiv: Kondor, 2009. 11. Kozyk, V. V. et al. Zovnishnyoekonomichni operatsii i kontrakty [Foreign Economic Transactions and Contracts]. Lviv: Mahnoliia 2006, 2014.