Analysing of the localised fire development models in car parks to assess the fire resistance of constructions
Students Name: Makovii Serhii Andriiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Civil Safety
Institute: Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Systems
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2020-2021 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Makoviy S.A., Shnal T.M. (supervisor). Analysing of the localised fire development models in car parks to assess the fire resistance of constructions. Master’s thesis. - Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2020. Extended abstract Assessment of fire resistance of building structures is an important factor in ensuring fire safety of buildings and structures. The dependence of fire resistance on many factors, including fire load, geometric characteristics of the room leads to a discrepancy between the assessment of real fires and the standard temperature-time curve. The main purpose of this work is to conduct various numerical simulations using localized models as well as using engineering calculation methods that were used to compare the results. This is especially true with a significant number of fires and significant material and social losses. In the first section, the development of fires in parking lots, fire scenarios, localized fires, definition of the fire compartment, the phases of fires in the compartment. In the second section, the general parameters of fire, determination of heat transfer rate (HRR), convective rate of heat release in fire conditions are considered. In the third section, the analysis of methods for assessing fires in parking lots is considered. In the fourth section, the development of temperatures in case of fire in parking lots, the characteristics of the model are considered. In the fifth section, we consider the equations used in the calculation and the results of the study. In the sixth section, the cost-effectiveness of the device of automatic fire extinguishing systems is considered. Study object: parking lots. Scope of research: localized models of fires. Goal of research:: is to study the characteristics of factors influencing the development of temperatures depending on the scenario of fire. In this master’s qualification work the characteristics of fire in parking lots are investigated. Relatively different methods for estimating the development of temperatures during a fire, taking into account the scenario of fire development depending on the location of the fire load. The use of these techniques will make it possible to more accurately assess the fire resistance of structures and increase the fire safety of such facilities in general. Keywords: fire, fire safety, fire resistance, localized fire models. References. 1. ДБН В.1.1-7:2016 Пожежна безпека об`єктів будівництва. Загальні вимоги 2. ДСТУ-Н Б EN 1991-1-2:2010 Єврокод 1. Дії на конструкції. Частина 1-2. Загальні дії. Дії на конструкції під час пожежі. 3. R. L. ALPERT, Calculation of Response Time of Ceiling-Mounted Fire Detectors, paper (76th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association), pp 181-195, May 18, 1972. 4. Leonard Y. Cooper, A Buoyant Source in The Lower of Two Homogeneous Stably Stratified Layers,twentieth symposium (international) on combustion, pp. 1567-1573, 1984. 5. Heskestad, G.; Hamada, T., “Ceiling Jets of Strong Fire Plumes,” Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 21, No 1, 1993, pp. 69-82. 6. Cooper, L.Y, “Heat Transfer From a Buoyant Plume to an Unconfined Ceiling,” Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 104, No 3, 1982, pp. 446-451. 7. D. Joyeux, J. Kruppa, L.-G. Cajot, J.-B. Schleich, P. van de Leur, L. Twilt, “Demonstration of real fire tests in car parks and high buildings”, EU publications, technical steel research, ISBN 92-894-4234-4, Luxembourg, 2002, p. 170. 8. Schleich, J.B.; Cajot, L.G.; Pierre, M.; Brasseur, M.; Franssen, J.M.; Kruppa, J.; Joyeux, D.; Twilt, L.; Van Oerle, J.; Aurtenetxe, G., “Development of design rules for steel structures subjected to natural fires in closed car parks”, European Commission, 1999. 9. Peacock, Richard D.; McGrattan, Kevin B.; Forney, Glenn P.; Reneke; Paul A., CFAST - Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport, NIST- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2017, p. 55.