Research of the centrifugal separator’s strength characteristics
Students Name: Tverdokhlib Kyrylo Kostiantynovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Food and Processing Industries Equipment
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: The most common way of separating liquid heterogeneous systems under the action of centrifugal forces is centrifugation (or faging), which is carried out in centrifuges. The main part of the centrifuge is a drum (basket) with solid or perforated walls, which rotates at high speed on a vertical or horizontal shaft. The following processes of separation of suspensions in centrifuges are distinguished: 1) centrifugal filtration; 2) centrifugal settling; 3) centrifugal lighting. Centrifugal filtration is a process of separation of suspensions in centrifuges with perforated drums. The inner surface of such a drum is covered with a filter cloth. The suspension of centrifugal force is rejected to the walls of the drum, with the solid phase remaining on the surface of the tissue, and the liquid under the action of centrifugal force passes through a layer of sediment and the tissue is removed outside the holes in the drum. Centrifugal filtration in the general case consists of three consecutive physical processes: 1) filtration with sediment lighting; 2) sealing of sediment; 3) removal from the sediment of fluid held by molecular forces. With centrifugal filtration, a high degree of dehydration can be achieved. Centrifugal settling is the process of separation of suspensions in centrifuges having drums with solid walls. The suspension is injected into the lower part of the drum and is rejected to the walls under the action of centrifugal force. A layer of sediment is formed directly near the walls, and the liquid forms the inner layer and is displaced from the drum with a suspension that comes into separation. Rising upwards, the liquid is poured through the drum slicing and removed outside. During centrifugal settling, two physical processes occur: 1) deposition of a solid phase; 2) sealing of sediment. Centrifugal lighting is also carried out in solid drums and is used to clean liquids containing a small amount of solid phase. This process is used to separate thin suspensions and colloidal solutions. By the physical essence, centrifugal lighting is the process of free deposition of solids in the centrifugal field. Drugs with solid walls are also separated by emulsions. Under the action of centrifugal force, the components of the emulsion according to the density are arranged in the form of delimited layers: the outer layer of fluid with a higher density and the inner layer of lighter fluid. The liquids are removed from the drum differently. Thus, centrifugation is essentially the processes of settling and filtration in the field of centrifugal forces. Centrifugal forces that develop during centrifugation have a stronger effect on a liquid system than gravity and pressure. Therefore, centrifugation is a much more effective way of mechanical separation of heterogeneous liquid systems than settling and filtration. Liquid separators are used for dehydration of oil products, resins and vegetable oils. Player separators are widely used in separation of viscous suspensions. The separators are well adapted for separation of the thin -dispersed solid phase and in the near future will find more use in the industry in the industry. The object of research is high-performance centrifugal liquid media separators. The subject of research – rottoric cylindrical centrifugal separators. The purpose of the study: analysis of rotary technological machines on which the separation of liquid food media is carried out, as well as a force analysis. The results of the study allow you to create a comprehensive technique of engineering calculation of structural elements of cylindrical centrifuges with efficiency of performance by strength characteristics. Key words: separator, centrifuge, study, stressful condition, shell, strength, calculation.