Developing of polyvinylchloride plastics modified with polyvinylbutyral
Students Name: Levytskyi Bohdan Volodymyrovych
Qualification Level: master (ESP)
Speciality: Chemical Technology and Engineering
Institute: Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: англійська
Abstract: The object of research: plasticized polyvinyl chloride-polybutyl butyral materials, extrusion processes of polylactide processing. The subject of research: peculiarities of production of polyvinyl chloride -polybutyrate materials, study of their properties and development of the principle technological scheme of their processing. The purpose of the research: to develop the basics of the technology for obtaining polyvinyl chloride-polyvinylbutyral plasticized materials, to establish the influence of components on technological and operational properties. In the master’s thesis, plasticized materials based on PVC/PVB mixtures were developed and their structure and properties were investigated. The mixtures differed not only in the ratio of individual polymer components, but also in the use of unprocessed and processed PVB. All mixture samples were subjected to thermal and light degradation, after which tensile strength and hardness were measured. The tensile strength of the non-degraded samples was higher for the R-PVB blends, but the elongation at break was higher for the N-PVB. Thermally degraded samples with increasing degradation and higher PVB content showed lower tensile strength and elongation at break. For light -degraded samples with more than 50% PVB, a significant decrease in strength and elongation was observed after UVB exposure to a greater extent than after UVA. Hardness values for non-degraded mixture samples were higher with N-PVB. The hardness of thermally degraded mixtures of both N and R -PVB increased with increasing degradation. For the light-degraded samples, the hardness increased significantly above the values of the non-degraded samples. Based on the evaluated 7 mechanical properties, a mixture of 80% PVB and 20% PVC (with N and R-PVB) was selected for more detailed evaluation. DSC, FTIR and XDR analysis were performed for these two thermally (5, 30 and 60 minutes) and light (UVA and UVB) mixtures. The change in the glass transition temperature was observed using the DSC method. For thermally degraded samples with 80% PVB/PVC, the temperature increased slightly with increasing degradation. The same sample after UVA degradation had a higher glass transition temperature than after UVB. Another method was FTIR spectral analysis, where it was found that the peaks of both polymer plasticizers are located at the same wavelength. The resulting specific degradation functional groups are also located at the same wavelength (1815–1625 cm-1), and therefore the peaks overlap. Differences in peak area size between thermally degraded and non-degraded samples were not very noticeable. Significant differences were observed only in those degraded by light - the peak area after UVA degradation was significantly larger. The final evaluation method was XRD analysis, which revealed the presence of an ordered phase in the 80% PVB/PVC blend. From the X-ray recording of the samples, it was obvious that the chain order was disrupted by degradation. There was no shift in the 2? value during degradation, only a decrease in intensity compared to the non-degraded sample. From the obtained results, it can be stated that the use of PVB in mixtures with PVC clearly improves the mechanical properties. The thermal and light stability of PVC also improves with increasing PVB content. Regarding the properties of unrecycled and reprocessed PVB, it can be stated that mixtures with reprocessed PVB had reasonably good properties even after degradation. Thus, this secondary raw material can be used in mixtures as a substitute for PVC, for example, in the production of floor coverings or foil waterproofing systems. The technical and economic substantiation of the conducted research was carried out.