The operation analysis of a boiler house of 1.0 MW capacity with biomass use.
Students Name: Mykhaliuk Oleksandr Valeriyovich
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Heat and Power Engineering
Institute: Institute of Power Engineering and Control Systems
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Mykhaliuk O.V., Kravets T.Yu. (supervisor). The operation analysis of a boiler house of 1.0 MW capacity with biomass use. Master’s thesis. – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2022. Extended abstract. The development of Ukraine’s energy industry, over the past few years, has shown a lack of efficient ecological thermal power capacities, which has affected the economic development of the state [1, 2]. Due to the state of war, there is a significant shortage of electricity in the country, and tariffs for it have increased by 1.5-2 times. Up to 1.7-1.9 billion tons of biomass is produced annually on the territory of Ukraine. According to experts’ estimates, it is technically possible to use up to 10.0 million tons of wood biomass, up to 5.0 million tons of organic waste, and up to 10 million tons of municipal solid waste annually in Ukraine for energy purposes [3]. One of the most promising areas of wood waste processing in Western Europe, the USA and Japan has become the production of fuel pellets. Today, the fuel pellet market is growing at a tremendous pace. Municipal boiler houses, industrial enterprises and power plants of medium capacity operate on pellets. At current prices for electricity and fuel pellets, heating residential and industrial premises with pellets is 2.5-3 times cheaper than with electricity. In connection with the difficult state of the fuel and energy sector of Ukraine, which is caused by the state of war in the country, the shortage of all types of fuel, the decrease in the volume of coal mining, the need to use local types of energy resources became apparent. The solution to this problem should be sought in the introduction into industrial use of energy sources that have not yet been taken into account in the fuel and energy balance of Ukraine, as well as in the development of methods of exploitation of fuel resources that will allow to fully use their thermal potential and reduce energy losses to a minimum. One of the ways to solve this problem is to introduce a new technology of burning solid fuel in a low-temperature fluidized bed. Thanks to the introduction of this technology, it becomes possible to use stocks of low-grade solid fuel, utilization of coal beneficiation and coal mining waste, as well as wood biomass. The development of modes of operation of the heat energy system, using biomass as fuel, to take into account the changing needs of heat consumers is definitely an urgent issue at the moment. This work is devoted to the analysis of the operation of a boiler plant with a capacity of 1.0 MW in different modes of operation, using biomass. Study object – technical and economic performance indicators of a boiler plant with a capacity of 1.0 MW using biomass as fuel. Scope of research – the influence of technical and economic indicators of the operation of the boiler room on the efficiency of its operation in different modes. Goal of research – development of a boiler house with a capacity of 1.0 MW capable of ensuring efficient and ecological operation of the equipment, which runs on wood biomass. The first section of the work is devoted to considering the potential of wood waste in Ukraine and the efficiency of energy production from it. The second chapter presents the theory of thermal self-ignition of different types of wood biomass. The system of differential equations of the self-ignition process in a one-dimensional flow was solved. The third chapter is devoted to the issues of researching methods of efficient and ecological burning of biomass. It was established that the process of burning biomass in a fluidized bed meets these requirements. In the same section, the theory of formation, properties and main characteristics of the fluidized bed are presented. In the fourth chapter, the calculation of fluidized bed aerodynamics is given, as a result of which the optimal flying speeds of sawdust particles of different sizes of wood are calculated. The fifth chapter is devoted to the analysis of the operation of the boiler house using wood biomass. The calculation of the boiler room was carried out for 3 main modes of its operation: maximum, average and minimum load. In the economic part of the work, the payback period was calculated when replacing a gas boiler room with a wood-burning boiler room. In the automation section, a system of automatic regulation of a solid fuel boiler room was developed using modern automation tools for stable control and regulation of thermal energy consumption [4, 5]. Keywords: wood biomass, circulating fluidized layer, aerodynamics, boiler, boiler room operation mode. References. 1. Mykytenko V. Energy efficiency of the national economy: socio-economic aspects / V. Mykytenko / Energy resource: Visn. NAS of Ukraine. - № 10. 2006 - P. 17–26. 2. Reduction of emissions and improvement of maneuverability of thermal stations: monograph (2nd edition, supplemented) / M.P. Kulyk, T.Yu. Kravets. – Lviv: Rastr-7, 2019. – 229 p. 3. Lys S.S., Kravets T.Yu., Mysak Y.S. Solid fuel gasification in a continuous layer: (monograph) - Lviv: Rastr-7, 2018. - 210 p. 4. Chistovich S.A. (1994) Automation of installations of heat supply systems, M .: Stroyizdat, - 201p. 5. Vitaliev V.P., Falikov V.S. (1997) Instruments and automation equipment, - M .: Stroyizdat, - 174p.