Creation of housing architecture for internally displaced persons. With the development of a project of a residential quarter of low-rise buildings in Lviv
Students Name: Hrechka Uliana Mykhailivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Design of Architectural Environment
Institute: Institute of Architecture and Design
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: In order to understand the problems and preconditions of the problem of housing for IDPs, it was chosen to study migration processes as a social phenomenon in the first section. The initial stage was the description of migration as a long-known and not new process of human movement across international or administrative-territorial borders. The analysis of the main factors led to such a concept as types of migration, which are different and have different characteristics. Thus, it was possible to distinguish the type of migration that concerns us most at the moment - voluntary and forced. Since February 24, 2022, millions of Ukrainians who fled their homes to escape the war have become forced migrants. The next step was to analyze the problems that arise for people who change their place of residence. To understand this issue more globally, the ways of solving the problems of IDPs on the example of foreign countries were analyzed. Based on the analytical note of the National Institute for Strategic Studies "Ways to solve the problems of internally displaced persons: some lessons from foreign experience", such countries as Azerbaijan, Georgia and Moldova were chosen as analogues. The following is an analysis of the experience of housing for refugees, for this purpose Ukrainian and international samples were selected. Housing for migrants and IDPs in Ukraine was described on the example of temporary accommodation for refugees. It could be any buildings or structures that could provide hygienic needs of people. These were schools or kindergartens, sports complexes or just rooms with heat, water and bathrooms. Lviv regional children’s and youth school was chosen as an analogue, which Drozdov&Partners together with Replus Bureau and Ponomarenko Bureau converted into a shelter for IDPs. They have developed a package of design solutions that allowed to develop in a short time the installation structures for comfortable accommodation of people in a large single space. The "Town of container houses" in Lviv was the first for the city and was designed and built in Stryi Park. Their successors were the modular town in Sykhiv, which consisted of 94 houses and accommodated 300 people, in the autumn of the same year it was reconstructed and equipped for winter weather conditions, the size and number of floors of the settlement increased. A similar project, but deeper and more researched is RE:UKRAINE HOUSING by architect Slava Balbek and his Balbek bureau. They claim to have analyzed the world experience in the development of temporary housing, including not only construction but also maintenance. They have created a whole system of values and priorities that can create comfortable housing, albeit temporary. Their design model is flexible, can be adapted to different sites in size and relief, the possibility of redevelopment is also inherent in their designed houses. The architectural bureau Sulyk Architects designed temporary housing for pregnant women at the "Unbreakable Mothers". The task was commissioned by the Lviv City Council and with the support of the Red Cross of Ukraine, two houses for more than 100 people were built in three months. The total area is 1300 square meters. The budget is 26 million UAH. This is a shelter for children and pregnant women. The buildings have a service life of up to 50 years and can be used for other needs of the city after the war. The foreign analogues of housing included the project of Quint Monroy in the city of Ikke from the architectural bureau ELEMENTAL, who with their project made a breakthrough in design and helped to solve not only the problem of housing, but also combined quality, comfort with a limited budget that was allocated for this project. Their idea to create housing, part of which can then be completed by the residents themselves, gave rise to a number of similar projects: Villa Verde in Chile, Villa Monterrey in Mexico and many others. The analysis of the urban situation, a brief description of the natural and socio-economic conditions was the next part in the creation of a low-rise housing quarter for the IDPs. The historical reference contains information about the site and the surrounding area, describing different periods and development in different times, the first mentions, the period of the greatest prosperity, changes and the current state. An important aspect is the study of the current state of the area and territories adjacent to the projected quarter. As the district is developing strongly, it has undergone a considerable transformation over the past ten years. New modern public facilities have appeared here: office buildings, shopping facilities, restaurants and cafeterias. On the site for the design there are existing low-rise industrial enterprises, their engineering and structural condition requires significant reconstruction, some of the buildings are in an abandoned state and are not used for any purpose. For a reasonable approach to design, an extract from the zoning plan of the city of Lviv with the specified functions for design is provided. The natural and climatic conditions for this design area are described. Characteristics of the design solution is a logical successor to the information collected and described above. The architectural project of housing for IDPs is located on Sadova street in Lviv and includes the development of a low-rise building block. The project area is bounded by Lubinska-Petliury-Sadova-Kulparkivska streets and the railway line. The total area of the land plot is approximately 6 hectares. In addition, the area of the site proposed for servicing the designed low-rise residential buildings is 4 hectares. It describes the changes in the existing structure of the street and road network and the created project proposal, its number of storeys, type of blocking, features of the layout of sections or apartments. The entire site will be conditionally divided into groups of houses that have driveway access to the territory of only some sections, the location of parking spaces and pedestrian connections between the entire territory is reasoned. Important attention is paid to the size of the sustainable unit - the module, which is taken as the basis of design and creates the overall picture by changing and adding details to it. An important point in the creation of a residential quarter is the quality improvement and landscaping of the territory. Thus, a number of comprehensive actions are envisaged to improve the existing condition and create a decent new one. Special attention is paid to the volumetric-planning characteristics of the houses. It describes the design features of modular housing. Important attention is paid to the layouts and their variations, as all sections can change their layouts according to the needs and number of people who will live there, so the same size houses can have different types of layouts with different number of rooms and area, all of them are presented and justified. The main means of expression in architecture are volumetric plasticity, scale, rhythm, proportion, texture and surface color. Here is the train of thought that was followed to achieve a coherent composition. The search path in all aspects of the creation of housing in the projected quarter is described. Accordingly, the first chapter describes the architectural part of this project, starting from the prerequisites and ending with the formed idea based on the previously studied details and aspects.