Research of consensus algorithms for blockchain-based IoT applications
Students Name: Shcherbyna Oleksandra Serhiivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Computer Control Systems for Moving Objects (Automobile Transport)
Institute: Institute of Computer Technologies, Automation and Metrology
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: англійська
Abstract: Internet of Things technologies are widely used in today’s world to perform specific tasks by reading and processing data in accordance with the requirements. However, the classic architecture of Internet of Things networks using servers or cloud environments has many disadvantages, namely: lack of complete data security, low capacity for scalability and data decentralization, and low speed of transmission and processing of data received from physical Internet of Things devices. Blockchain technology can be used to create the most secure wireless way of transmitting the received data. The integration of Internet of Things and blockchain technologies has great potential, as it allows to significantly improve the characteristics of the system. Thus, it is possible to ensure the decentralization of data, the ability of the system to be scalable, and to increase the speed of data transmission and processing. [1] Chapter one describes blockchain technology, its working mechanism, benefits of use, and the patented state-of-the-art blockchain-based networks used in industry for Internet of Things applications. The section presents their characteristics, features and structural schemes of work. [2] Chapter two describes consensus algorithms for blockchain-based IoT applications. The shortcomings of the classic architecture of the Internet of Things network are listed and ways to improve security, increase the level of scalability and data decentralization, and increase the speed of data transmission and processing are presented. [3] Two consensus algorithms are selected, which can be used in the development of Internet of Things applications. The choice of these algorithms for further research is justified. In the third chapter, Proof-of-Elapsed-Time and Raft consensus algorithms are studied in detail, their mechanism and features of operation, characteristics, as well as advantages and disadvantages are described. [4] Block diagrams of algorithms are provided. The fourth chapter describes the results of the study and a comparison of the performance of both consensus algorithms. Graphs of the probability of validation of nodes in the network, the time of creating one block, and the total time of validation of all existing blocks of both algorithms are presented. A conclusion was made about which algorithm is better to use in the development of blockchain-based Internet of Things applications in order to improve security and increase the speed of the system. The fifth chapter is the economic part of the work, where the calculation of costs for scientific research work, the calculation of the contractual price and profit of scientific research work, the assessment of scientific and scientific and technical effectiveness of scientific research work are given. Conclusions reflect the result of the work performed. Consist in the study of the characteristics of consensus algorithms for blockchain-based Internet of Things applications. The research object is the Proof-of-Elapsed-Time and Raft consensus algorithms. The subject of the study is the possibility of using these consensus algorithms for blockchain-based Internet of Things applications. The purpose of the study is to choose a consensus algorithm, which according to its characteristics is best suited for use in Internet of Things networks. An environment with a blockchain network was created for researching the speed of data transmission and processing based on Java and Ubuntu. Measurements of the speed of working with the data of both algorithms were collected, namely: the probability of validating nodes in the network, the time of creating one block, and the total time of validating all existing blocks. A comparison of measurement data and a conclusion about which of the two algorithms is recommended to be used in the development of blockchain-based Internet of Things applications in order to improve security and increase system performance are presented. Keywords: blockchain, Internet of Things, consensus algorithm, block, node, speed, scalability, data decentralization. List of used literary sources: 1. Moin Udin. “CBCIoT: A Consensus Algorithm for Blockchain-based applications”. Applied science, 2021. 2. Valliappa Lakshmanan “Data Science and Cryptocurrencies” Chapter 2 Ingesting Data. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2017. 3. Noel Crespy “Raft Consensus Algorithm for Internet of Things” Chapter 1 What is Raft Algorithm. Data Science Media, Inc., 2019. 4. Gerry J. Deitel, Harvey White. “Cryptocurrency environment simulation based on Java”. Oracle, 2021.