Development of the Embedded System of Plasmon Biosensor Analyzer
Students Name: Dulka Ivan Vasylovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Radioelectronics Devices and Means
Institute: Institute of Telecommunications, Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2020-2021 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Dulka I.V, Zaiachuk D.M. (supervisor). Development of the Embedded System of Plasmon Biosensor Analyzer. Lviv Polytechnic. Master’s thesis. - Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2020. Study object - Embedded system of plasmon biosensor analyzer. Scope of research - forecasting possibility to provide automated plasmon biosenological analysis. Goal of research: to study possibility of creating technical tool - embedded system of plasmon biosensor analyzer, which will automate process of biosensor research. It will allow to replace at some stages routine work of the laboratory assistant. In modern medicine and biotechnology is an urgent problem of detection, identification and quantification of various biomaterials in form of macromolecules. These include various proteins, DNA, viruses and more. For this purpose, different types of analysis are used - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, analysis based on polymer-chain reaction, electrophoretic, etc. There is need to find new methods of analysis that can be simpler and more effective. This is especially important at present in pandemic caused by emergence of new coronavirus. Given trends towards widespread development and implementation of biosensor analysis methods, plasmon biosensor analysis may be promising. It is based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The possibility of using phenomenon of reverse plasmon resonance for detection and quantitative analysis of biological macromolecules (different types of proteins, DNA, etc.) The essence of the method is as follows. A thin layer of gold film coating is applied to glass prism. When to direct light (visible or near red) through glass prism under at certain angle, changing angle or wavelength can induce appearance of surface plasmon resonance. If there is surface plasmon resonance, the optical reflectivity of gold film coating changes very sensitively in presence of various biological macromolecules on surface. The high optical reaction to various macromolecules is due to effective group excitation of conduction electrons near gold surface. To increase the sensitivity and selectivity to various biological macromolecules, the optical reaction is determined by interaction of studied biological macromolecules with reference macromolecules (ligand). To do this, the ligand is implanted on surface of gold film. This surface with ligand forms thin flow cell through which flows studied biomaterial in form of studied biological macromolecules placed in buffer solution. Thus sensitive element of plasmon biosensor in which optical reaction arising at detection of these or those biological macromolecules is constructed is constructed. The advantages of plasmon biosensor are that it uses method of direct detection of certain macromolecules by evaluating optical reaction without use of fluorescent or other labeling of biological materials, it has high sensitivity, accuracy and speed of detection of macromolecules. In typical plasmon biosensor, the optical response to test biomaterial is measured and analyzed for given time. First, the measurement of blank - buffer with distilled water. After 100 s, the test sample is introduced instead. The measurement is performed for 300 s. After that, flow chamber is washed with clean buffer for 420 - 520 sec and the surface with ligand is regenerated using a sequence of appropriate reagents. The process of analysis using a plasmon biosensor has a certain algorithm for performing a sequence of steps in real time. These stages are mostly performed in laboratory by laboratory technicians and are routine. The embedded system consists of a processor and its external devices - sensors and actuators (stepper motors with mechanical actuators). The processor and its actuators automate analysis processes: washing, calibration with blind buffer solution, measurement with buffer solution with analyte, processing of measurement results and presentation of results on the display screen. The stages of analysis are carried out with display of prompts for laboratory assistant on actions to be performed manually. The laboratory assistant can change modes in course of analysis and set forms of representation of received information. Keywords: plasmon biosensor, ligand, embedded system, stepper motor. References: 1. Шеллер Ф., Кирштайн Д., Шуберт Ф. Ферменты в электрохимических биосенсорах// Электрохимия. 1993. 29. № 12. С. 1522-1527. 2. Lorrain J.M., Fortune C.R., Dellinger B. Sampling and ion chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde // Anal. Chem. – 1981. – V. 53. – P. 1302-1305. 3. ВТ. Білінський, В.П. Гондюл, А.Б. Грозін, К.Б. Круковський - Синевич, Ю.Л. Мазор "Практичний посібник по навчальному конструюванню РЕ А" - Київ: Вища школа 1992. 4. Smutok O., Ngounou B., Pavlishko H., Gayda G., Gonchar M., Schuhmann W. A reagentless bienzyme amperometric biosensor based on alcohol oxidase/peroxidase and an Os-complex modified electrodeposition paint // Sensors Actuators B: Chem. - 2006. - 113, N 2. – P. 590-598. 5. Feron V. J., H. P. Til F. de Vrijer, Woutersen R. A. Cassee F.R., Bladeren van P.J. Aldehydes: occurrence, carcinogenic potential, mechanism of action and risk assessment // Mutat. Res. – 1991. – V. 259. –P. 363-385. 6. Ненашев А.П. "Конструювання радіоелектронних засобів" - М: Вища школа 1990.