Special Aspects of Design of Children’s Rehabilitation Centers
Students Name: Rokocha Oleksandra Vitaliivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Architecture of Buildings and Structures
Institute: Institute of Architecture and Design
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2020-2021 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: The scientific master’s thesis consists in research of the basic materials on rehabilitation of children and revealing of the basic principles of designing of rehabilitation space. The most important criterion for the level of human development is the state of public health and the system of its provision. Along with morbidity and mortality, the main indicator of health is the percentage of people with disabilities in society. In recent years, there has been a growing trend around the world for people with disabilities. The World Health Organization currently estimates that more than 1 billion people worldwide have some form of disability, corresponding to almost 15% of the world’s population, of whom more than 100 million are children with disabilities. Today in Ukraine there are 2.7 million disabled people and their number is growing every year. The number of abnormal children in our country is more than 318 thousand people, of which children under 6 years are 22%, from 7 to 25 years 75%. The need to provide rehabilitation services in European countries has been scientifically proven. Rehabilitation allows children to fully participate in everyday life and increases their well-being. Affordable and inexpensive high-quality rehabilitation services help to optimize a number of aspects of children’s lives, including education, which leads to improved health and social well-being. An important role is played by the study of the influence of the interior on the psychophysical state of man, and now the interior is rarely the object of psychological research. The topic of studying the interaction of man and the interior is relevant, it is important to understand the impact of the interior on the human psyche. First of all, the interior should bring benefits, spiritual, cultural, arouse certain feelings and bring joy. When designing the subject-spatial environment for children with disabilities, it is necessary to take into account the functional features of the organism and the psychological aspect. The physical features include: the need to move in a wheelchair, the need to place additional structural elements that help compensate for physical disabilities. Designing a subject-spatial environment for people with disabilities, compared to healthy people, requires a more serious approach and the study of factors influencing their psychophysical condition. Foreign experience in designing rehabilitation centers has been studied. In recent years, special attention has been paid to creating the most comfortable and functional space. The concept of organizing the process is based on the idea that a positive and stimulating environment improves the well-being of patients and has a positive effect on the process of their recovery. The project goal is not to create a center with an appearance that resembles a health care building, but to create a building as part of the environment and community. Architectural design should anticipate the explicit or implicit needs of future service users and the requirements of the surrounding community, government and national partners. It should also cover the technical elements needed to carry out the activity. In general, rehabilitation centers provide medical care to people who do not need emergency hospital care but need special medical care. In order to meet the specific needs of their patients, these facilities need a built-in environment that is well adapted. As for the choice of rehabilitation facilities, in general, patients’ preferences are often focused on single rooms, many common areas, access to open areas, a wide therapeutic space. In addition, the main task is to create rehabilitation facilities with an environment that will provide a much-needed factor to "feel good" to both patients and their families. The composition of groups of premises and their areas are determined, planning solutions of functional elements of the considered buildings are offered. The main functional components - medical and health module, module of psychological, pedagogical and social assistance - are mandatory. Peculiarities of formation of modern rehabilitation institutions are determined and recommendations on their placement in urban development are given. Suggestions for site planning depending on the location of the center in the planning structure of the city, its typological features and load level. Key words: rehabilitation, invalid, medical and social rehabilitation, ergonomic principles, architectural environment of rehabilitation, child rehabilitation.