“Terrorism as a Form of Political Struggle in Modern International Relations”
Students Name: Brezitska Dariia Vasylivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: International Relations
Institute: Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2021-2022 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Terrorism as a form of political struggle and violence in modern international relations and processes is studied. It is emphasized that in the conditions of destruction of the existing international order and formation of a hybrid world order it appears as one of the most threatening phenomena of social and political life of mankind. It was found that the evolution of the terrorist method of action is largely due to the nature of the political system, the level of development of a democratic society and poses a special danger to the modern system of international relations. Study object- international terrorism as a form of political struggle. Scope of research- the features of the manifestations and specifics of terrorism as a form of political struggle in modern international relations. Goal of research is research of the evolution of terrorism as a form of political struggle and violence in modern international relations. Theoretical and methodological approaches in the assessment of terrorism as a form of political struggle in world and domestic scientific thought are outlined, modern approaches and practices of its analysis are analyzed. The conceptualization of the concept of "international terrorism" has been conceptualized and its international legal definition has been revealed, the typology, features and types of international terrorism have been formed and its classification according to the direction of political actions has been carried out. The geopolitical factors of the emergence of terrorist threats in the system of modern international relations are analyzed, the principles and ways of combining the manifestations of international terrorism and international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of its counteraction are outlined. The research is performed on the basis of an integrated approach to the application of scientific methods, such as: logical-semantic approach, method of comparison, historical method and method of systems analysis. There is a lack of universal definitions of "terrorism" and "international terrorism" and criteria for identifying socially dangerous phenomena that are classified as terrorist. The multifactorial nature of modern international terrorism is highlighted, the factors that determine its emergence are highlighted. The latter, having a political, ethnic, national, class, historical nature, determine the preconditions for the emergence of this phenomenon, and the influence of subjective and psychological factors on the course of such processes increases the severity of conflict, as a rule, contributing to bringing the latter to a terrorist level. The research presents a list of factors that hinder the successful anti-terrorist activities of the world community, in particular: the lack of a unified, generally accepted concept of "international terrorism"; disorderly legal framework, which complicates decision-making processes and hinders successful anti-terrorist activities within different countries; the presence of a significant number of international and regional societies, organizations, special bodies whose tasks are to combat terrorism. It is emphasized that the modern development of the media has enabled terrorists to significantly expand and intensify their opportunities to influence the mass consciousness, and thus the process of forming public opinion and global political processes in general, which in turn led to mass physical and psychological exhaustion, as a result, the scale of terrorism has expanded significantly. It was noted that the following methods of combating the global terrorist threat are the most effective: establishing coordination and cooperation of law enforcement agencies, special services, military groups whose activities include surveillance, targeted strikes, physical and psychological pressure on terrorist groups; creation of uniform international standards of anti-terrorist activity; formation of an appropriate psychological response at the level of mass consciousness to the actions of terrorists; creation of a single register or database for the collection and unification of information about individuals, organizations, their locations, communication channels, financial transactions, etc. It was noted that Ukraine’s cooperation in combating international terrorism has allowed it to form a certain theoretical and practical experience. 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