Emergency analysis and improvement of fire extinguishing organization of OJSC "Rivneazot" in Rivne
Students Name: Shymkiv Pavlo Ruslanovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Civil Safety
Institute: Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Systems
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2021-2022 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Shymkiv PR, Peretyatko BM (head). Emergency analysis and improvement of fire extinguishing organization of Rivneazot OJSC in Rivne. Master’s qualification work. - National University "Lviv Polytechnic", Lviv, 2021. Extended abstract. At the present stage of development in Ukraine, the industry is at a fairly high level, although in many respects inferior to European standards. With the emergence of large-scale enterprises with chemical production in the first half of our century, the problem of industrial safety has become much more acute. The basis of the industry was the production of a continuous cycle, the productivity of which has no natural limitations. As a result, the content of hazardous chemicals in technological devices increases, which is accompanied by catastrophic fires, explosions, toxic emissions and other destructive phenomena. According to the hazard classification, chemical accidents rank second among man-made disasters. The largest number of accidents occurs at enterprises that produce or use in the process ammonia, chlorine, fertilizers, acetylene, petrochemical products. Chemical accidents refer to emergencies of a man-made nature that occur due to production, design, technological or operational reasons or accidental external factors that can lead to damage to process equipment, devices, vehicles and buildings with the release (discharge) of hazardous chemicals into the atmosphere. (NHR). Most emergencies affect large populations in areas where a significant number of victims are most likely to occur. This is due to the fact that the objects of both the national economy and industry are located mainly in cities with high population density. Therefore, a set of measures in the field of civil protection was created to prevent and respond to emergencies of man-made nature. This complex includes forecasting the consequences of accidents, which allows for a detailed analysis and measures to prevent and prevent emergencies and reduce their impact on the population. The main factor of pollution in accidents at chemically hazardous facilities (CHO) is chemical pollution of the terrain and the surface layer of air with hazardous chemicals. There are about 6 million toxic substances in the world, including in industry, agriculture and everyday life, of which 60 thousand are produced in large quantities and more than 500 substances that belong to the group of dangerous chemicals - the most toxic to humans. Business facilities that use NHR are potential sources of man-made hazards. These are so-called chemically dangerous objects. In total, there are 1,810 facilities in Ukraine where more than 283 thousand tons of chemically hazardous substances are stored or used in production activities, including 9.8 thousand tons of chlorine and 178.4 thousand tons of ammonia. Due to the situation at potentially dangerous sites, the State Emergency Service has taken responsibility for the development and implementation of measures to prevent and protect the population from the consequences of emergencies. The Ministry, in accordance with its tasks, predicts the probability of emergencies of natural and man-made nature, models them, zoning the territory of Ukraine in the presence of potentially dangerous industries, facilities and the threat of natural disasters, determines risk indicators in the economy and surrounding areas. The first section describes the relevance of the topic of the master’s qualification work and a review of literature sources. The second section analyzes the operational and tactical characteristics of the object. The third section describes the forecast of the possible situation in case of fire at OJSC "Rivneazot". In the fourth section, the calculation of forces and means for liquidation of the emergency situation of OJSC "Rivneazot" was carried out. The fifth section deals with engineering and technical solutions offered at Rivneazot OJSC. In the sixth section, a firefighting plan was developed at Rivneazot OJSC. The seventh chapter describes the rules of occupational safety during hostilities during firefighting OJSC "Rivneazot". The seventh chapter calculates the economics of fire safety. The eighth section describes the ecology of the environment. Object of research: reactor and tanks for storage of NHR in the production plant of OJSC "Rivneazot". Subject of research: spatial planning and engineering solutions of the production shop of OJSC "Rivneazot", located in Rivne, Rivne region. The purpose of the study: - forecasting the possible situation in the event of a fire in the reactor of JSC "Rivneazot", development on the basis of forecasting measures that would increase the efficiency of firefighting and rescue operations in case of its occurrence. In this master’s qualification work was predicted the possible consequences of emergencies of man-made nature on the example of the plant for the production of cyclohexanol of JSC "Rivneazot", coordinated measures and actions of rescue units aimed at preventing, occurrence and elimination of emergencies. To predict the possible consequences of man-made emergencies, the analysis of fire and explosion hazard of the technological process of cyclohexanol production and explosive properties of substances rotating in the technological process was analyzed, the possibility of flammable environment formation and ignition sources was analyzed. The master’s thesis describes the technological process of cyclohexanol production, the characteristics of the reactor R-213, operational and tactical characteristics of the object. In industrial buildings, life-threatening temperature (60-70 ° C) can be created in 1-2 minutes. after a fire. When burning flammable and combustible liquids, the ambient temperature during this time can rise to a much higher value. Thus, when burning cyclohexanol on an area of about 30 m2, the average ambient temperature inside the shop for the production of cyclohexanol after 1 min. reaches 100 ° C. In such conditions, the staff of the shop (plant) is almost unable to use the primary means of firefighting, and the actions of the arrived fire and rescue units will be significantly complicated. Taking into account the above and in order to ensure the safety of the personnel of the Central Command during the liquidation of this emergency, it is proposed to equip the shop for the production of cyclohexanol automatic gas fire extinguishing system, which in turn will significantly reduce reactor extinguishing time. Key words: fire, fire extinguishing, fire safety, fire extinguishing manager, reconnaissance, fire localization, fire extinguishing. References. 1. Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine dated 02.10.2012 № 5403-VI. 2. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated 26.04.2018 №340 “On approval of the Statute of actions in emergency situations of management bodies and divisions of the Operational and Rescue Service of Civil Defense and the Statute of actions of management bodies and divisions of the Operational and Rescue Service of Civil Protection during firefighting”. 3. Order of the Ministry for Emergencies of Ukraine dated 16.12.2011 №1342 “On approval of the Guidelines for the organization of the gas and smoke protection service in the units of the Operational and Rescue Service of the Civil Defense of the Ministry for Emergencies of Ukraine”. 4. Order of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine dated 07.05.2007 №312 “Rules of labor safety in the bodies and departments of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine”. 5. Handbook of fire extinguishing manager. - Kyiv: UkrNDICZ, Litera-Druk LLC, 2016. - 320 p. 6. Radiation safety standards of Ukraine; addition: Radiation protection against potential radiation sources (NRBU-97 / D-2000).