Research and Modelling of Effective Radio Resource Allocation Methods in 4G/5G Networks
Students Name: Danyliuk Denys Serhiiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: System Administration of Telecommunications Networks
Institute: Institute of Telecommunications, Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: The constant growth in the number of users of 4G/5G mobile networks and the relevance of their application in various fields leads to the evolution of resource management methods. The task of resource allocation is to efficiently distribute available base station resources among different users in the network coverage area. The use of allocation methods leads to changes in performance depending on the properties of the radio channel. These properties depend on the position of the user, the interference around the user and the interference from other stations or users. Combined with the variability of data quantity requirements, the diversity of situations becomes important and the quality of resource allocation decisions can play a crucial role. This paper focuses on the study of existing resource allocation strategies in wireless networks and takes advantage of the known ones to develop new techniques that can be used in both 4G and 5G in order to provide quality of service and reduce the energy consumption of the networks. In the first section, the main resource allocation methods encountered in modern 4G/5G wireless networks are considered. The description of modern transmission methods at the physical layer including OFDM and SC-FDMA and their respective characteristics is given. The differences between LTE and 5G NR RAN are described. The principle of resource allocation in classical 4G/5G single-input single-output (SISO) and MIMO systems is presented in detail, these systems assume that a user is covered by only one base station (BS). Finally, the issues of deployment, coverage and capacity of 5G networks are covered. The second section discusses the principles of existing MaxSNR, PF or RR solutions for resource allocation between users. Their main advantages and disadvantages are identified. It is found that achieving both low system power consumption and high spectral efficiency are very challenging tasks in 4G/5G networks. The main contribution of this section is that we propose a method that is able to adjust its priorities by adapting the resource allocation to the load, and using the base station activation and deactivation scheme to reduce the network power consumption in the absence of active users in their area. In the third section, based on a well-known simulation model, it is proved that when users are in different zones of the base station with different radio conditions, the resource allocation process and the maximum possible throughput will depend on the resource scheduling algorithm RR, PFR, MaxSNR (BestCQI). It is established that in conditions of uneven distribution of user load between neighboring cells, the known methods of frequency reuse lead to low spectrum utilization in some cells and spectrum shortage in others. Due to the fact that the allocation of spectrum between the central and boundary cell is a static method, the efficiency of using the entire spectrum decreases. In this paper, a method of dynamic frequency reuse for different cell sizes is proposed, according to which each cell is divided into two zones - central and boundary. To study the proposed method, a simulation model is developed that allows setting different parameters regarding the network load and resource allocation between the central and boundary zones. The fourth section compares the standard method of resource allocation of base stations with the proposed one. It is found that when using the proposed method of resource allocation, it is possible to achieve a reduction in the coefficient of capacity reduction by several times. In the case when users concentrate in the central area of the cell, the increase is 2 times. In the case when users concentrate in the area of the cell boundary, the gain is about 5 times. Also, based on the simulations and studies, it was found that the proposed method simultaneously provides QoS requirements by the criterion of network bandwidth and minimizes network power consumption by adapting to the localization and user load. In the fifth section, an economic justification for the implementation of 4G/5G development is carried out. Object of study - the process of radio resource allocation in 4G/5G networks. The subject of research - are methods and models of planning and allocation of radio resources. The purpose of the work is to improve the efficiency of resource allocation in 4G/5G networks, taking into account QoS requirements.