«Lend-Lease as an International Instrument of Security Support»
Students Name: Pankiv Yuliia Tarasivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: International Relations
Institute: Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: англійська
Abstract: The provision of aid by one country to another has a significant impact on relations between them and significantly affects the development of one of them. Foreign aid means the international movement of money, services or goods from governments or international organizations for the benefit of the recipient country or its citizens. International aid can be manifested in various aspects and affect various factors of society’s life. It can be fiscal, military or humanitarian and is considered one of the important sources of foreign currency. Lend-Lease is currently an extremely relevant issue for discussion in the international arena, it is a kind of instrument of security support of one country to another. This tool had the possibility of application in historical experience, however, it is no less relevant now, as hostilities continue in the country. Study object of this study is lend-lease as an international instrument of security support. Study subject is the direct influence of lend-lease on the course of military operations during the Second World War 1939–1945 and the Russian-Ukrainian War 2022. Goal of research of this work is to analyze the concept of lend-lease as an international instrument of security support of states in the international arena. This work was aimed at researching the concept of lend-lease as an international instrument of security support. According to the conducted analysis, it was established that there is no comprehensive study that would fully reveal the problem of the implementation of the Lend-Lease program, assess its degree and present a theoretical generalization regarding this issue. In general, the studied subject has not yet been subject to detailed analysis by both domestic and foreign scientists. Scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, documents and legal acts, reports of speeches of officials, institutional developments, research of international organizations and official websites became valuable sources during the research. When studying the specifics of the concept of lend-lease, we came to the conclusion that in the foreign policy of independent Ukraine, there is hardly a more famous document than the Memorandum on Security Guarantees for the country’s accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) - the legendary Budapest Memorandum of 1994. An equally important source for researching the issue of lend-lease as an international instrument of security support is the Lend-Lease Act, which entered into force on October 1, 2022, but was adopted on May 9, 2022. It has been studied that the concept of international aid is extremely relevant and quite widespread today. The provision of aid by one country to another has a significant impact on relations between them and significantly affects the development of one of them. that today there are many types of international aid in the international arena. All of them are of great importance for the countries in need, as well as for the countries that provide this assistance. Thanks to the implementation of a number of types of international aid, the number of countries that are rapidly developing on the international arena is increasing, almost every year. When studying the concept of “lend-lease”, it should be remembered that it is a program of large-scale supply of military equipment and equipment to allies for leasing or long-term credit. The United States used this procedure for the first time after helping defeat Hitler in World War II. On April 6, 2022, the US Senate unanimously approved the resumption of a World War II-era program known as Lend-Lease. During the time of President Franklin Roosevelt, the program made it possible to provide the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition with all the necessary military ammunition and other material and technical means on the terms of “use” with payment after victory. The Senate granted the same rights to President Joe Biden. This involves the possibility of supplying weapons to the Ukrainian army, avoiding unnecessary bureaucratic formalities. That is, the US president will have the right to supply weapons to Ukraine without agreement with the parliament. At the moment, the situation in the international arena is extremely acute, and the issue of military operations on the territory of Ukraine is on the agenda of discussion in the international arena. The Lend-Lease program, in turn, can have a considerable impact on this situation, because after providing military aid and technical support from the West, the Armed Forces of Ukraine will be able to confidently counterattack the enemy and bring Ukraine’s victory much closer. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Lend-Lease program, despite the extremely small amount of research, played and currently plays a very important role in the international arena. Thanks to the successful implementation of this program in historical experience, it was possible to fundamentally change the course of hostilities, which we still hope for today. Key words – lend-lease, international aid, the Second World War, the Russian-Ukrainian war, the influence of lend-lease on hostilities. References. CLINGENDAEL. A Russian view on the life in Ukraine 2016 (05.11.2022). Available from: https://www.clingendael.org/publication/russian-view-ukrainian-life. Human Development Deports. Human Development Index (HDI). Available from: https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI U.S. Congressman Joe Wilson. Wilson’s “Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022 Becomes Law” Available from: https://joewilson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/wilson-s-ukraine-democracy-defense-lend-lease-act-of-2022-becomes-law s://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3522/all-info World history. Lend lease act Available from: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/lend-lease-act-1