Research of a digital electricity meter
Students Name: Levonovyi Roman Andriiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Computer Control Systems for Moving Objects (Automobile Transport)
Institute: Institute of Computer Technologies, Automation and Metrology
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: An electricity meter, electrical meter, or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or electrically powered device. Electricity users use electricity meters installed in customers’ premises for invoicing. They are usually calibrated in units of calculation, the most common one being the kilowatt-hour (kWh). They are usually read once per billing period. When saving energy during certain desired periods; some meters can measure demand, the maximum use of power in a certain interval. "Time of day" metering allows you to change electricity tariffs during the day, record consumption during peak periods of high costs and in off-peak, cheaper periods. In addition, in some regions the meters have relays to disconnect the load during peak load periods. A watt-hour meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by consumers. Utilities install these tools anywhere, such as homes, businesses, organizations, to charge electricity consumption by loads such as lighting, fans, and other appliances. The basic unit of power is watt. A thousand watts is one kilowatt. If we use one kilowatt per hour, this is considered a unit of energy consumed. These meters measure instantaneous voltage and currents, calculate their product and give instantaneous power. This power is integrated over a period, which gives the energy used over that period of time. They can be single or three phase meters depending on the supply used by domestic or commercial installations. For small service measurements, such as internal consumers, they can be directly connected between the line and the load. But for large loads, reduce current transformers should be placed to isolate electricity meters from higher currents. In recent years, the need for electricity in households using various devices has increased. This is the concern of many developed and developing countries, the need for an immediate increase in electricity. There is a need for consumers or people to monitor daily electricity consumption in homes. Sweden experiences a shortage of energy resources during the day. Therefore, human responsibility for the preservation and control of these resources is also important. This research work focuses on Smart Metering data for distribution to deliver electricity to consumers intelligently and efficiently. The main disadvantage of traditional meters is that they do not provide information to consumers, that is, it is done with the help of a Smart Meter. A smart meter helps the consumer to know information about the electricity consumption of devices in the respective houses. This research work consists of measuring and analyzing electricity consumption using Smart Meter data by conducting case studies on different households. In addition to saving electricity, Smart Data meters illustrate the behavior of consumers in the use of appliances. As power consumption increases day by day, more attention should be paid to understanding consumption patterns, meaning measurement and analysis of consumption over time is required. In the case of the development of the nation, many people still do not know about the technology of using intelligent electricity meters for ordinary people and electricians. Hence, there is a great need for energy saving installation of these meters. Reducing energy costs by understanding consumer behavior and its correlation with spot electricity prices motivated this research. The methodology used to analyze the results of this study is demonstrated through a case study, an ARIMA model using the XLSTAT tool, and a tabulation technique. Based on the price evaluation results provided in the study, hypotheses are put forward regarding the change in consumer behavior when they have better control over their habits. This study contributes to the measurement of Smart Meter electricity consumption data in different households and the interpretation of the data for hourly measurements may cause consumers to shift consumption to off-peak periods. Thanks to the results of this research, users can change their behavior when they have better control over their habits. As a result of electricity consumption, models of intelligent distribution of electricity are studied and analyzed, which leads to an innovative idea of saving a limited resource of electricity.