Analysis and improvement of man-made safety of Lviv City Dairy Plant, Lviv
Students Name: Taras Ulyana
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Industrial and Occupational Safety
Institute: Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: According to statistics, several emergency situations at the object and local level related to the release of hazardous chemical substances (HCS) at industrial facilities have been registered in Ukraine. In the Sumy region on March 21, 2022. as a result of enemy shelling of the "Sumikhimprom" plant, an ammonia tank was damaged. As a result of the ammonia leak, the village of Novoselitsa was under threat. The biggest accident involving the release of HCV was the accident in Horlivka, which occurred on August 6, 2013 at the plant of PJSC "Concern Styrol", located in the city of Horlivka, as a result of which ammonia was released into the air. As a result of the accident, 600 kg of ammonia was released into the air. As a result of the accident, six people died and 26 people were injured. All this indicates the need for further improvement of measures to improve chemical and explosion fire safety at enterprises where ammonia is used in their design and operation. According to the placement and quantity of dangerous substances in circulation, PJSC "Lviv City Dairy Plant" belongs to the potentially dangerous objects of the 2nd class of danger. The enterprise includes: a production building with a refrigerating chamber, a compressor shop, an administrative building, a passageway, a boiler room, a garage, a greenhouse, a warehouse, and a store. In the compressor shop, there are 2 receivers with a total volume of 4.0 m3, the degree of filling of the receivers is 0.45. The compressor, transformer and refrigerating chamber together form an ammonia-refrigerating unit, which is used to store and cool manufactured products. The total amount of ammonia at a potentially dangerous object is 0.88 tons, which does not exceed the calculated threshold mass for a potentially dangerous object of the 2nd danger class. Ammonia can form an explosive mixture with air. Concentration limits of the explosive mixture are 15-28% by volume. The maximum pressure of an ammonia-air mixture explosion is 0.58 MPa. The purpose of MKR is to analyze and improve man-made safety of Lviv City Dairy Plant, Lviv. The creation of a scenario of the occurrence of accidents and emergency situations at Lviv City Dairy Plant PJSC was carried out on the basis of a detailed examination of its condition in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on the Development of Plans for the Localization and Elimination of Emergency Situations and Accidents DNAOP 0.00-4.33-99, relevant regulatory documents, reference and scientific - technical literature. An accident that may occur at the enterprise, depending on the area over which the dangerous manifestations of the accident will spread, is divided into 3 levels: – the development of the accident within the compressor shop – going outside the compressor shop - going outside the territory of the enterprise. The most dangerous scenarios for the development of accidents are the release of an ammonia cloud outside the enterprise and the formation of an explosive concentration of ammonia. In accordance with the methods of forecasting the consequences of the spill (emission) of dangerous chemical substances, long-term (operational) and emergency forecasting was carried out in the event of an accident with an ammonia release. Long-term (operational) and emergency forecasting for an ammonia-refrigeration plant has been developed in accordance with the methods of forecasting the consequences of spills (releases) of dangerous chemicals, accidents at industrial facilities and transport. The depth of the ammonia contamination zone is 0.275 km. The speed of spreading of the ammonia cloud and the occupied area depend on the amount of ammonia that left the system, the type of terrain and meteorological conditions. The area of the zone of possible chemical contamination is 0.238 km 2. The area of the zone of actual chemical contamination is 0.008 km 2 When developing and implementing the proposed measures to prevent or minimize the consequences of accidents at Lviv City Dairy Plant, the economic effect can be more than UAH 5,700,000. Keywords: ammonia refrigeration plant, potentially dangerous object, ammonia, deposition of ammonia cloud, gas analyzer, explosive and fire-hazardous mixture of ammonia, area of the zone of possible chemical contamination, area of the actual zone of chemical contamination, detonation burning, depressurization of the tank, epicenter of the explosion, localization and liquidation of the accident.