Patterns of changes in the traffic flows speed on the section of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Street in Lviv city
Students Name: Yaremko Yurii Mykolaiovych
Qualification Level: master (ESP)
Speciality: Smart transport and logistics for cities
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2023-2024 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: It is important to remember that the road environment (ie the general principles of traffic, the mentality of drivers, various informal rules) was formed long before an individual driver received a driver’s license and got behind the wheel. For example, if you go to some small town, then, as a rule, the speed of movement there is low - people move slowly, evenly, usually forming a single row. In big cities, the speed of movement is completely different - here everyone is in a hurry, several streams move in the same direction on the roads at once. That is why, in order to learn (it can be called in different words) to flow into the traffic and feel this flow, the best thing a driver can do is to move with the speed of the flow. Most often, it is the flow that indicates the way out of many traffic situations. First, just copy the stream - the stream itself, not the individual car[1]. One of the most important principles of movement in the stream, in my opinion, is the principle of avoiding dangerous convergence. If we set ourselves the task of not running into anyone or anything, then, in principle, we allow the idea that we can, in general, get close enough to someone or something and even move at a fairly dangerous distance. In the event that this distance will be minimal, the slightest inaccuracy on our part or not entirely clear actions on the part of another driver can lead to the fact that the same touch will occur. Accordingly, the greater the distance between our car and a potentially dangerous object, the more time there will be to prevent the same dangerous collision, when we will need to use maximum attention, skills and abilities to prevent an accident. Thus, thinking about avoiding touching cars and other objects is exactly the same insufficient line of defense, and avoiding dangerous proximity is exactly what will allow you to notice the danger in time, group forces, concentrate and avoid a collision[2]. When moving within the city, it is important to remember that the maximum speed at which you can move in such areas is 50 kilometers per hour. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, when a car moves in the vicinity of residential areas or places with active pedestrian traffic, its speed should not exceed 20 kilometers per hour. This rule is adopted to ensure the maximum safety of all road users. The maximum speed allowed by law is 90 kilometers per hour in areas outside populated areas. If there is a dividing line on the road, it is allowed to drive at a speed of up to 110 kilometers per hour. In the case when the road is marked with special signs and has markings - up to 130 kilometers per hour [3]. Existing regularities of the formation of traffic flows in the process of macro modeling are analyzed. It was found that this approach is based on the establishment of a relationship between the characteristics of the traffic flow, which can be determined using experimental data, analysis of boundary conditions and physical analogies. The specified regularities can be used for further modeling of the main characteristics of transport flows [4]. The process of formation of transport flows is the result of the functioning of the transport systems of the largest cities. The transport flow consists of a set of correspondences of vehicles moving on the same path, the regularities of their formation are subject to certain rules and can be formalized[5]. Based on the results of the research, the following tasks were completed: 1) an analysis of literary sources on flow formation was carried out; 2) analyzed road sections and factors affecting the speed of movement; 4) the main speed indicators are defined for a clearer understanding; 5) constructed histograms and theoretical curves for better understanding and evaluation of speed indicators. The obtained results made it possible to formulate certain recommendations for increasing the speed in the studied areas. Key words: transport, transport flows, formation of transport flows, speed of movement, change of speed. References. 1. A. Khisty, C. Lall, and B. Kent, "Transportation Engineering: An Introduction," Prentice Hall, 2003. 2. N. H. Gartner, C. J. Messer, and A. K. Rathi, "Traffic Flow Theory: A State-of-the-Art Report," Transportation Research Board, 2005. 3. M. Papageorgiou, "Applications of Automatic Control Concepts to Traffic Flow Modeling and Control," Springer-Verlag, 1983. 4. D. L. Gerlough and M. J. Huber, "Traffic Flow Theory: A Monograph," Transportation Research Board, 1975. M. Treiber and A. Kesting, "Traffic Flow Dynamics: Data, Models and Simulation," Springer, 2013.