The reduction of emissions of sulfur oxides with flue gases during the operation of the ТП-92 boiler units of the Dobrotvir TPP.
Students Name: Mahyr Kateryna Tarasivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Heat and Power Engineering
Institute: Institute of Power Engineering and Control Systems
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2023-2024 н.р.
Language of Defence: англійська
Abstract: Mahyr K.T., Kravets T.Yu. (supervisor). The reduction of emissions of sulfur oxides with flue gases during the operation of the ТП-92 boiler units of the Dobrotvir TPP. Master’s thesis. – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2023. Extended abstract. The issue of protecting the natural environment during fuel burning is becoming more and more relevant and a priority, in particular for Ukraine [1, 2]. One of the main air pollutants is sulfur dioxide SO2, which is a product of the oxidation of sulfur contained in fuel. Today, the average sulfur content in Ukrainian coal is 1.7%, in some cases up to 3.1%. The constant trend of increasing the share of coal in the fuel balance of condensing thermal power plants of Ukraine, as well as other industries in which the production of products is related to the heat treatment of sulfur-containing compounds, leads to the formation of a large amount of waste gases containing sulfur dioxide. The lack of desulphurization installations in Ukraine in most enterprises, where waste gases containing sulfur dioxide are produced in the technological process, leads to significant emissions of it into the atmosphere. The European integration direction of the development of Ukraine sets the goal of compliance with the environmental standards of the European Energy Community, namely the norms of Directive 2010/75, which defines the maximum permissible emissions of sulfur dioxide from large combustion plants [3]. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide by developing effective, low-cost and compact desulfurization technologies that will work in compliance with the requirements of Ukrainian and European environmental legislation and that will produce a useful product [4, 5]. All these problems are relevant for the power equipment of the Dobrotvirskaya TPP, in particular the TP-92 boiler units. In global practice, there are the following methods of reducing the emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere formed during fuel combustion: - purification of fuel from sulfur compounds before its burning or gasification; - binding of sulfur compounds in the process of fuel combustion or gasification; - purification of waste (flue) gases from sulfur compounds. In the work, we will consider all the above-mentioned existing methods, analyze them for use on TP-92 boiler units, and choose the most appropriate one for further implementation at the Dobrotvir TPP. The object of research is flue gases that are formed during the burning of solid fuel in boilers of thermal power plants. The subject of research is processes based on the semi-dry method of sulfur dioxide purification of flue gases of coal-fired boilers of thermal power plants. The purpose of the research is to develop and improve processes for cleaning waste gases from sulfur dioxide using a semi-dry method of desulfurization of waste gases for TP-92 boilers of the Dobrotvir TPP. In the first section of the work, the prospects for reducing emissions of pollutants from thermal power plants of Ukraine and the general technical and economic characteristics of the TP-92 boiler, as an object of research, are given. In the second part of the work, the methods and technologies for cleaning flue gases from SO2 are analyzed. The influence of sulfur dioxide emissions on the environment and the threat to human life is studied, the existing legislative requirements for limiting sulfur oxide (IV) emissions are presented, and the prospects for the use of ammonium sorbents in semi-dry gas desulfurization technologies are presented. The third section of the work is devoted to the technology and methods of disposal of solid products of desulfurization and ash particles, as well as to the environmental problems of the use of sulfurous coal at TPPs and methods of disposal of dust-sulfurization products of coal-fired thermal power plants. The fourth chapter presents material related to the ecology of powerful thermal power plants and the creation of domestic high-efficiency electrostatic precipitators. In the economic part of the work, an assessment of the thermal efficiency of the 150 MW power unit of the Dobrotvirska TPP was carried out after the reconstruction of the gas cleaning equipment and the installation of all-mode automation. The automation section deals with the automatic adjustment of parameters and process control of the TP-92 boiler. Keywords: thermal power station, TP-92 steam boiler, flue gases, sulfur dioxide, flue gas cleaning, filter. List of used literary sources: 1. State sanitary rules for the protection of atmospheric air in populated areas (from pollution by chemical and biological substances) (DSP-201-97): Order dated 07.09.97 No. 201 // Database "Legislation of Ukraine" / Ministry of Health of Ukraine. 2. Omelyanovsky P., Mysak Y. Thermal energy - new challenges of the time. Lviv. "Ukrainian technologies". 2009. - 660 p. 3. Cordoba, P. Status of Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) systems from coal-fired power plants: Overview of the physical-chemical control processes of wet limestone FGDs. Fuel. 2015, No. 144. P 274-286. 4. Prospects for the implementation of clean coal technologies in the energy industry of Ukraine: a monograph / I.A. Volchyn. etc. Kyiv: GNOSIS, 2013. 308 p. 5. Madoyan A.A., Bazayants G.V. Desulphurization at TPP. Kyiv: Technika, 1992. 160 p.