Development and Research of a Small-Size Microwave Active Direction Finder
Students Name: Medvezhynskyi Vitalii Vasylovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Radioelectronic devices, systems and complexes
Institute: Institute of Telecommunications, Radioelectronics and Electronic Engineering
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2023-2024 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: The master’s thesis is aimed at the development and research of a small-sized microwave active direction finder. The paper provides a thorough analysis of technologies, devices and methods related to microwave direction finding. Special attention is paid to reducing the size of the device to ensure its compactness and mobility. The direction finder is designed to determine the direction to the signal source with high accuracy. Bearing is the process of determining the direction and source of the signal of the research object using the bearing - the angle between the direction of the object and the plane, which is taken as the origin of the angular coordinates. In the modern world, direction finding is carried out by many methods, but we are interested in radio engineering. There is also radio direction finding - this is the determination of the direction to the source of radiation using radio means. The main difference between direction finding and radar is that direction finding is aimed at determining only the direction to the signal source, while radar includes determining the distance, speed and other parameters of the object. Direction finders are passive signal receiving systems from emitting electronic systems. The direction finder consists of two main units: a transmitter and a receiver, the antenna system is one of its main parts. A rotating antenna will increase the cost and complexity, as well as reduce the reliability, so in this work, we will not use it for the direction finder. The transmitter generates radio waves that are emitted in the direction of the signal source. The receiver receives radio waves reflected from the signal source. The efficiency of the direction search depends on the probability of its finding the radiation source in a given angular sector, if it is a source moving at a high speed, the dwell time will be less than a higher speed or a shorter distance, so a high speed switch is required. The angle coming from the electromagnetic wave to the receiver, which is measured by the radio direction finder, determines the direction to the source of radio radiation. In this diploma work, the most well-known methods of direction finding and its comparative analysis will be considered. In the course of the work, the main attention was focused on the creation of an effective microwave direction finder. In addition, the work investigates the properties and characteristics of the developed device, such as the accuracy of determining the location of objects, the ability to work in different conditions, and fault tolerance. The results of research and development can have practical applications in the fields of navigation as well as military use and other areas where the dimensions of the device and the speed of detection are important. The work represents a significant contribution to the development of microwave technology and expands the possibilities of using active direction finders in various areas of research and production. In the first two sections of the work, the general provisions on the main direction finding methods and their features were considered. Such methods as amplitude, phase and frequency and the main types of direction finders are presented. The technical components of the direction finder are considered - microwave sensors and antenna systems of direction finders, which form the basis of this system. The third section describes in detail the method that is best used for accurate measurements of a small-sized direction finder. The selection of a radio wave sensor was carried out - patent of the IPC H04B1/04. The partial signals of the built active small-sized direction finder are modeled, a study of its signals is carried out, and a working algorithm is given, which allows you to obtain and analyze the information signal with high accuracy and to distinguish from it the direction of the object penetrating the surveyed territory. The fourth chapter is fully devoted to the economic part of this master’s thesis. Based on the obtained research results, it can be stated that the given microwave active direction finder is an excellent solution for mass affordable production, which, thanks to its compact size, can be used in many areas. The object of research is the process of determining the angle of arrival of radio signals based on the use of the Doppler method. The subject of the study is a model of a small-sized direction finder that allows for spatial scanning of the territory. The field of research is electronics and radio engineering. The purpose of the work is to investigate the methods of determining the direction, to distinguish the best method of determining the angle of arrival of the signal for a small-sized device, to model a compact direction finder and to indicate its main components and features. Key words: microwave direction finder, Doppler method, direction finding accuracy, research. References 1. M. V. Ratynskyi, V. I. Porsev - MONO-PULSE DIRECTION IN RALS WITH DIGITAL HEADLIGHTS - 160th century. 2. What is Direction Finding? - [Electronic resource]. – Resource access mode: https://www.everythingrf.com/community/what-is-direction-finding 3. Radio direction finding - [Electronic resource]. – Resource access mode: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4. Chygin, V. I., Sviderok, S. M., Smychok, V. D., Prots, O. R., & Hushchak, R. I. (2011). - Passive time difference and phase radar system for measuring projectile trajectory parameters and mines. Military-technical collection, (5), - 82–85. 5. Bearing of REM IN THE INTERESTS OF INTELLIGENCE - [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access to the resource: http://ni.biz.ua/1/1_5/1_54110_metodi-pelengatsii.html