The comprehensive assessment of the materials based on natural raw materials usage in energy-efficient building technologies
Students Name: Nimak Mykhailo-Sviatoslav Tarasovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Building Constructions, Products and Materials Technologies
Institute: Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Systems
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2023-2024 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Nimak M.-S.T., Marushchak U.D. (supervisor). Comprehensive assessment of the use of materials based on natural raw materials in energy-efficient building technologies. – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2023. Extended abstract. The master’s thesis is devoted to the development and comparison of structural solutions of fencing structures using plant-based materials for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. A comprehensive assessment of the use of natural raw materials in the construction of buildings is the basis of an environmentally sustainable approach, which would allow the use of a large amount of natural raw materials and save money and ensure the energy efficiency of the building. The housing and communal sector is the most energy-intensive in the structure of the national economy of Ukraine. The main reason for excessively high energy consumption of housing and communal services is its low energy efficiency [1, 2]. In most residential buildings, the need for heating is 300-500 kWh/m2 per year, which is 2-6 times higher than the new standards adopted in Ukraine and the achieved indicators in European countries [3]. Increasing the energy efficiency of the construction sector is a priority on the way to Ukraine’s energy independence and ensuring national energy security, especially against the background of the constant increase in the cost of energy resources and massive terrorist attacks on our country’s energy infrastructure. This approach determines the need to design new buildings that meet energy efficiency requirements. Minimization of heat loss through enclosing structures is important for reducing energy consumption and energy consumption of buildings, which is achieved by the development and implementation of technical solutions with increased heat transfer resistance due to the use of effective wall and heat-insulating building materials, the effectiveness of which is determined at the stage of manufacture, installation (erection) and operation [ 4]. The use of materials based on plant waste as raw materials for the production of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating materials has become particularly relevant [5]. The object of the research is energy-efficient buildings with technical solutions of enclosing structures using materials based on plant raw materials. The subject of the research is technical solutions of fencing structures using plant-based materials for energy-efficient buildings. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the use of materials based on natural raw materials in the enclosing structures of energy-efficient buildings. Research results: - an analysis of the heat-insulating materials market was conducted based on natural raw materials of plant origin, requirements for heat-insulating materials, as well as energy-efficient construction technologies; - developed technical solutions for external fencing structures, using materials of plant origin. The calculation of thermal technical characteristics and heat-moisture regime of enclosing structures was carried out; - the energy efficiency indicators of a residential building built using plant-based materials for the external conditions of the Lviv region were calculated, and it was established that its energy efficiency class is C and meets the minimum requirements for energy efficiency. The ecological indicators of the house are determined; - an analysis of the economic efficiency of the proposed technical solutions was performed. The use of heat-insulating materials based on local raw materials for the insulation of external wall structures ensures a favorable humidity regime in relation to the impossibility of condensation of water vapor in the thickness of the structure. The calculation of the energy consumption of an individual house showed that when using local heat-insulating materials for wall and floor insulation, energy efficiency class C is achieved. The specific primary energy consumption of the residential object is 132.6 kWh/m2, while the specific amount of greenhouse gas emissions decreases up to 40.7 kg/m2. Key words - plant-based materials, heat transfer resistance, heat-humidity regime, energy-efficient building, frame technology.