Technologies of freight transportation in international connection
Students Name: Petruchenko Taras Pavlovych
Qualification Level: master (ESP)
Speciality: Smart transport and logistics for cities
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: англійська
Abstract: As the level of globalization of the world economy grows, important and urgent tasks arise to improve the technological schemes of cargo transportation by various modes of transport in international traffic. At the same time, an important aspect is the study of the technologies of these cargo transportations, since they differ for different routes, types of transport, countries, etc. At this stage of development of transport and technological delivery systems, many operations are unified and integrated. Increasing the level of unification and integration of cargo and containers allows to reduce the downtime of vehicles at loading and unloading locations [1–3]. This master’s research is based on the analysis of the transportation of goods by road transport, and all other types of transport are tangential. During the theoretical analysis, it was established that the terms and, accordingly, the cost of cargo delivery in international traffic are most influenced by the following factors [1–5]: technical and operational indicators of rolling stock, duration of loading and unloading, duration of customs operations (provided that there are customs restrictions), characteristics of traffic routes; the number of loading and unloading places; the quality of information support of the transportation process. For domestic transportation, these factors are identical, with the only difference being the absence of customs procedures and operations. An extremely important factor is the information support of the transportation process [5]. Forming an order, choosing a carrier, selecting the type of rolling stock, drawing up routes taking into account the requirements for traffic schedules, connecting the modes and specifics of the operation of different types of transport to each other - these are important tasks that are faced by forwarding and insurance companies, although the latter take a smaller part in this , that is, mainly on the analytical market. The role and tasks of dispatchers and forwarders are extremely high. Errors that may occur during their operation can cause the destruction of the delivery scheme, cause the loss of cargo, etc. In addition, the destruction of time characteristics of delivery reduces the efficiency of the transport process, reduces the productivity of rolling stock. To reduce such risks, customers, carriers and forwarders use a specialized software environment, geo-information systems that help improve, monitor, control, and in some cases regulate delivery time parameters. Such a task is especially relevant for large transport and transport forwarding companies that are involved in large intermodal or multimodal routes. Here, the loss of controllability of the transportation process can have global consequences and significantly affect the world economy. An example of this is the problems that arose during the pandemic caused by the coronavirus restrictions and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The rearrangement of supply chains is a difficult process that slows down the pace of economic growth, since not all logistics warehouses and the transport network are able to quickly adapt to large changes in transshipment of cargo flows. The problem is especially acute in cases where different types of transport are involved in the transportation. During transportation, special attention must be paid to containers and packaging. The uniformity of the parameters of the tare reduces the loss of time at the places of loading and unloading, as well as overloading. Based on the results of the analysis of technological systems of cargo delivery in international traffic, it was determined that they are most effective where there are uniform rules of trade between countries, there are high transport and operational characteristics of rolling stock, the least amount of time spent on loading and unloading, etc. Improvement of transport and technological systems of cargo delivery in international communication can also be achieved due to the development of transport infrastructure, in particular, communication routes. The object of the research is transport and technological schemes for the delivery of goods by road transport in international traffic. The subject of research is the technologies that arise in the transport and technological systems of cargo delivery by road transport in international traffic. The purpose of the study: to determine the most effective technologies for the delivery of goods by road transport in international traffic, which are based on the improvement of information support of the transportation process. Based on the results of this master’s research, the following tasks were completed: 1) a theoretical analysis of various technologies for the delivery of goods in international road transport was conducted, which is based on the formation of effective information links between participants in the transportation process; 2) the existing practices of using IT technologies during the transportation process and their role in increasing the productivity of rolling stock and the efficiency of transport systems for cargo delivery are analyzed; 3) the main factors affecting time spent during the transportation of goods by road transport in international traffic are determined, as well as the tasks and functions of dispatchers and forwarders along the entire length of the supply chain are determined; 4) the principles of operation of the specialized software environment used by managers of transportation process support were analyzed; 5) the most effective technologies for the delivery of goods by road transport are determined using the example of individual routes and goods. 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