Study of the parking efficiency in an urban zone
Students Name: Deresh Oleh Andriiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Cargo and Transport Management
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: The organization of car parking is an urgent problem for modern cities. The most rational solution here may be to organize the parking of cars for individual use in off-street surface, underground or above-ground parking lots. Such solutions are effective during the development of new transport districts and functional zones of the city [1]. Along with this, it is difficult to implement such a solution in those transport areas that have an established development that has been formed over many previous decades, or even centuries. In addition, for a modern city, it is a rather problematic task to allocate a large area of land for the organization of storage of private transport of residents [2]. Quite often, urban planning decisions adopted by local self-government bodies do not correspond to the principles of organizing efficient transport services. A typical example of such a negative development of the city’s vital activity is the formation of high-rise buildings in the old city districts, which are relatively close to the city center or to the centers of city-wide attraction of residents. This causes a sharp increase in population density, an increase in the number of private cars, which can be chaotically stored on the street-road network, taking up capacity. Based on the described problems, when organizing effective parking in cities, it is necessary to achieve the fulfillment of the following principles: the carriageway of the streets can be considered a place where residents’ cars are stored (even temporarily); in new transport areas, where the construction of buildings and structures is in progress, to provide effective underground or above-ground storage of vehicles; in business districts to set a high fee for the use of parking lots in order to stimulate the use of public transport during the formation of correspondences [1–4]. The provision of these three most important approaches will make it possible to unload the roadway from parked cars, increase the capacity of city streets and roads, and reorient the flows of residents by types and methods of movement. In the modern practice of managing traffic flows in cities, it is important to study and predict the impact of parked vehicles on the lane of the carriageway [5]. Such parking causes not only a decrease in capacity, but also complicates the movement of large-sized public transport, forcing it to make unnecessary maneuvers, and also reduces traffic safety, as zones with limited visibility appear on the roadway [1-3,6]. The correct and efficient organization of city parking is also of great economic importance for the budgets of individual districts, so local governments try to organize paid parking everywhere, making exceptions only for residents who permanently live in this area or for certain privileged categories of residents. There are also different approaches to organizing parking on weekdays and weekends, which is caused by the specifics of the functioning of each individual transport district. Different cities also differ in their approaches, as some are industrial centers, others are cultural and historical centers, and still others are business centers. The main task during the organization of city parking is to ensure the convenience and comfort of different groups of road users. The object of the study is vehicles parked on the traffic lanes of city streets. The subject of the study is a change in the capacity of the traffic lane on which there are parked cars. Research methods: field studies - during the registration of vehicles on traffic lanes; when determining the length of stay of cars in the parking lot; when determining the intensity of traffic; documentary study - during the formation of theoretical analysis and existing laws; mathematical modeling - during the formation of experimental dependencies. The purpose of the work is to identify the influence of city street parking on the regularities of the formation of traffic flows. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks should be solved: 1. To carry out a theoretical analysis of the patterns of changes in traffic conditions under the influence of street parking. 2. To determine the main factors that affect the time indicators of parking and its unevenness in different transport areas. 3. To form patterns of changes in the capacity of a city street depending on the number and location of parked cars relative to the intersection. Keywords: vehicle, traffic flow, street and road network, parking place, capacity. References 1. Havrylov, E., Dmytychenko, M., Dolya, V., Lanovyy, V., Lynnyk, I., & Polishchuk, V. (2007). Systemolohiya na transporti. Orhanizatsiya dorozhn?oho rukhu [Systemology in transport. Organization of traffic]. Kyiv: Znannya Ukrayiny [in Ukrainian]. 2. Polishchuk, V., Bakulich, O., Dzyuba, O., Yeresov, V., & Krasilnikova, O. (2012). Orhanizatsiya ta rehulyuvannya dorozhn?oho rukhu [Organization and regulation of traffic]. Kyiv: Znannya Ukrayiny [in Ukrainian]. 3. Fornalchyk, Ye., Mohyla, I., Trushevskyy, V., & Hilevych, V. (2018). 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