Patterns of speed changes of public transport on routes depending on the traffic flow volume
Students Name: Kupenko Yurii Serhiiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Cargo and Transport Management
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2022-2023 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Solving problems with public transport traffic delays in cities is an extremely urgent task, as it allows improving the mobility indicators of residents of these cities, reducing the load on the street and road network by private motorized transport, and reducing the impact on the environment. In general, such approaches correspond to the principles of sustainable development in the urban environment. In many cities of Ukraine, public transport, with the exception of the metro, has a relatively low level of attractiveness. This is mainly due to the fact that there are no various temporal and spatial ways of giving it priority during the passage of regulated intersections (pedestrian crossings), as well as the sections of the streets between them [1]. In such a situation, buses (trolley buses or trams) are in the general traffic flow, preserving its main features - low speed on working days and peak periods, traffic delays in front of intersections, high fuel consumption [2,3]. All this significantly reduces the efficiency of the use of rolling stock on routes. The solution to this problem is most often due to the introduction of two main types of priority - temporal and spatial, or a combination of both. Time priority is provided due to the use of advanced automated traffic management systems, which are an element of intelligent transport systems [4]. A fairly complex system of network communication between the rolling stock, the traffic light object and the traffic control center allows to recognize the transport unit and ensure that the enabling signal is turned on in such a way as to minimize traffic delay. Spatial priority is a planning decision that is implemented by: setting up a separate lane along the entire length of the span; arrangement of an additional separated lane on the approach to the intersection; arranging a check-in pocket at the stop; allocation of individual streets exclusively for the passage of public transport. Each of the proposed solutions has its own advantages and disadvantages, related to the specifics of the formation and configuration of the street-road network, the patterns of the formation of traffic and passenger flows in cities, as well as the level of integration of regulated sections of city streets into a single management system [3–5]. It is also worth noting that the same measures can be effective for one type of sections of the street-road network and at the same time ineffective for others [5]. To implement any of the proposed solutions, it is necessary to conduct a large complex of transport studies. Quite often, these studies require the involvement of a significant number of accountants and considerable time. Such a negative phenomenon can be avoided by using data from GPS trackers that are installed in public transport vehicles. The constant collection and monitoring of such data allows you to quickly determine the time spent on moving individual sections of the network, as well as, having information about the indicators of the general traffic flow, to establish the mutual influence of public and individual transport (including freight traffic). The result of this study is the identification of the most complex sections of the street and road network of Lviv from the point of view of the time spent on the movement of public transport and the determination of the causes of this phenomenon. Such monitoring in practice will make it possible to establish typical "bottleneck" places, to identify similar and distinctive features in the movement of traffic flows, and to decide on a way to prioritize public transport in such a way as to reduce delays in the movement of all residents of the city, as well as adjacent territories (including from taking into account the influence of external passenger transport). The object of the study is urban public transport. The subject of the study is the amount of delay of public transport on sections of the street and road network. Research methods: documentary study - during a theoretical review and processing of data from GPS trackers; traffic modeling - during the construction of delay maps on the street and road network; on-site measurements - when determining the intensity of the general traffic flow. The purpose of the work is to identify problem areas for the movement of urban public transport and to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between it and the general traffic flow. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks should be solved: 1. Conduct theoretical research on the features of the application of various methods of managing traffic flows with a significant share of public transport and identify positive and negative trends of influence. 2. Determine the main factors that have the greatest impact on delays in public transport and the general traffic flow and methods of their elimination, taking into account the experience of cities country and the world. 3. To conduct documentary research on the determination of time spent on moving public transport on sections of the street and road network of the city of Lviv using data obtained from the Traffic Management Center (GPS trackers). 4. Formulate the main regularities and, based on them, develop practical recommendations for the effective management of traffic flows on different (according to planning features) sections of the street and road network. Key words: public transport, street and road networks, transport system, active priority, passive priority, speed of communication, traffic intensity. References. 1. Dolya, V. (2011). Pasazhyrs?ki perevezennya [Passenger transportation]. Kharkiv: Vydavnytstvo “Fort” [in Ukrainian]. 2. Bosnyak, M. (2009). Pasazhyrs?ki avtomobil?ni perevezennya [Passenger automobile transportation]. Kyiv: Vydavnychyy Dim “Slovo” [in Ukrainian]. 3. Marintseva, K. (2009). Pasazhyrs?ki perevezennya [Passenger transportation]. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo Natsional?noho aviatsiynoho universytetu [in Ukrainian]. 4. Polishchuk, V. (2014). Transportne planuvannya mist [Transport planning of cities]. Kyiv: Znannya [in Ukrainian]. 5. Grygorov, M., Dashchenko, O., & Usov, A. (2004). Problemy modelyuvannya i upravlinnya rukhom transportnykh potokiv u velykykh mistakh [Problems of modeling and traffic control in large cities]. Odessa: Astroprynt [in Ukrainian].