Environmentally safe fertilizers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste
Students Name: Sofiian Solomiia Andriivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Environmental Control and Audit
Institute: Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2023-2024 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Sofijan S., Malovanyy M. (supervisor). Environmentally safe fertilizers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste. Master’s thesis. - Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2023. Extended abstract The master’s thesis is devoted to solving a scientific and practical task - improving environmental safety through the use of environmentally friendly fertilisers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste. The research was aimed at determining the optimal conditions for the production of encapsulated mineral fertilisers with prolonged action. The object of the study is the phenomenon of pollution of agroecosystems by mineral fertilisers. The subject of the study is the processes of producing environmentally friendly fertilisers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste. Purpose of the study: to increase the level of environmental safety through the use of environmentally friendly fertilisers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste. The current state of the impact of mineral fertilisers not assimilated by plants on the agroecosystem is analysed. It has been established that today Ukraine is experiencing a rapid increase in agricultural production, thereby increasing the cost of food in most countries and the interest of investors in agricultural production [1]. The rapid increase in agricultural production, contamination of agricultural land with pesticides and other agrochemicals, the growth of the material production sector, and the reduction in the use of organic fertilisers that replenish organic matter in soils [2] are leading to environmental degradation. Environmental pollution associated with the use of fertilisers occurs at all stages of technological production (during the production, transportation and use of fertilisers and agrochemicals). The root system of agricultural crops absorbs only a part of fertilisers, within the following limits: nitrogen compounds 50-60%; potassium compounds 50-60%; phosphorus compounds 10-25%; [3]. This leads to environmental problems: soil salinisation, pollution of surface water bodies, and fertiliser particles entering groundwater and surface water. Most mineral fertilisers are salts that dissolve rapidly in water during periods of high precipitation and tend to migrate in the soil, especially during their application and during the growing season [4]. Reduced yields and crop quality are caused by the mobility of mineral fertilisers [5]. Environmental pollution occurs due to dissolved fertilisers that are washed out of the soil environment during precipitation. This increases the concentration of nitrates in surface and groundwater, and increases the process of water eutrophication, which causes water blooms. Lakes, ponds, technical water bodies, rivers and reservoirs are sensitive to the high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds dissolved in water. There is an increase in the level of blue-green cyanobacteria populations, which in the process of growth and development produce toxins that are highly toxic natural compounds, change the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, and have a negative impact on the central nervous system. Based on the results of the study of the process of using environmentally friendly fertilisers encapsulated with a composition based on natural sorbents and lysine-containing waste, it was found that encapsulated fertilisers can be successfully used in agricultural production and for reclamation purposes. A promising formulation for creating a capsule is the use of a composition based on natural dispersed sorbents and sulphate soap, a waste product of the pulp and paper industry. The optimal coating technology is the use of a fluidised bed apparatus. The economic indicators of the production of encapsulated fertilisers of prolonged action were calculated. The organisational effect of the investment project for the production and introduction of capsulated fertilisers with prolonged release is UAH 24565.47. Such cost savings are explained by investing in new jobs, automating the workflow, conducting training sessions, etc. Keywords: environmental safety, long-acting encapsulated fertilisers, «fluidised bed» apparatus. References 1. Fertilisers and their use / Marchuk I.U., Makarenko V.M., Rastalny V.E., Savchuk A.B. Kyiv: Univest Marketing, 2002. 245 с. 2. Yavorov V.M. Agrochemistry. Questions, answers, test tasks. Kamianets Podilskyi: FOP Sysyn O.V., 2012. 112 с . 3. Jarchow, M.E. Nitrogen fertilisation increases diversity and productivity of prairie communities used for bioenergy / M. E. Jarchow, M. Liebman // GCB Bioenergy. 2013. Vol. 5. P. 281-289. 4. Migration of biogenic elements from the soil under different fertilisation systems. Agroecological Journal. 2014. № 1. С. 60-64. 5. Soil Science with the Basics of Geology and Soil Geography [3rd ed. Kirovograd, 2014. 383 с.