Study of traffic flow indicators under different environmental conditions
Students Name: Hardash Andrii Bohdanovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Traffic Control and Organization
Institute: Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2024-2025 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: On roads with low intensity, when conditions are close to free, where the driver chooses his own speed, there is a certain freedom in choosing a lane, rarely anyone imposes his conditions or causes the need to brake. On such roads, the load on the driver is optimal. The driver does not tire excessively and, being busy behind the wheel, does not fall asleep while driving. Traffic rules allow you to drive in any lane. The exception is the left lane, when their total number for a given direction is three or more, which can be entered only during heavy traffic or for turning left and U-turns. For trucks, the conditions are somewhat stricter: they can use this lane only for left turns and U-turns. Public transport stops are no less dangerous. If a tram stops in front of the driver, regardless of how many passengers are standing at the stop, then the driver must stop and not resume movement until the tram driver finishes disembarking and boarding, closes the doors, does not move on, and all passengers (now pedestrians) stepped onto the sidewalk. Only after that you can continue moving. When driving past bus and trolleybus stops located on the right near the sidewalk, the danger is that a pedestrian may unexpectedly step onto the road through a stopped vehicle. When passing a bus, you should reduce your speed depending on the circumstances and move further away if possible. It happens that the bus driver starts moving while the pedestrian is still standing or walking in front of the bus. Therefore, the very beginning of the bus movement cannot be perceived as a "bounce", a sudden exit of a pedestrian is still possible. If the speed of the bus, for example (at least 10 km/h), then the appearance of a pedestrian is unlikely. When the stop is behind you, you can release the tension and resume the previous speed by pressing the gas pedal. Traffic flow studies were conducted on the section of the Lviv-Mykolaiv highway, the length of which is more than 24 kilometers, with high-speed traffic and a high intensity of freight vehicles. The height differences in this area are more than 100 m, the surface is asphalt, in good condition. The width of the traffic lanes is 3.5 m, and the number of lanes changes from two to three and vice versa, the smallest radius of the curve in plan is 600 meters, and the largest longitudinal slope is 40 ‰. The total duration of the trip was up to 30 minutes, and the driver had the task of following the large-sized vehicle all the time. Most of the time, the driver drove in the extreme right lane. The research was conducted four times, on weekdays, around noon. Behind the wheel was a driver who already has more than 10 years of driving experience and was driving a Skoda passenger car with a car length of 4 meters. Sprint SG-2 is a complex device that opens a series of devices designed to measure power and torque, and designed to help more carefully adjust the characteristics of the car and objectively evaluate the performance of vehicles. The device is easy and convenient to use, equipped with a graphic liquid crystal indicator and an interface for communication with a computer. You can use it autonomously, reading information from the built-in graphic display, and when you get to the computer, use the program from the delivery set for a more detailed analysis of the results of your races. You can have a laptop with you and control the device directly from the laptop, receiving information in real time. On the section of the highway, a study was conducted, where the driver who was following a large-sized vehicle was given the setting to keep a distance of 10 and 15 meters. The figures show a graph of the ratio of the distance to the height marks, where it was observed most often, when the driver kept a distance of 10 m. On the basis of the conducted research and the obtained results, three-dimensional graphs of the dependence of the safety distance on the speed of movement and the duration of the stay on the road on the extra-urban highway were constructed. The distances between the marks were determined by extrapolation and interpolation methods. The results of the research carried out in the light of the time of day, in rainy weather when moving on a horizontally level area are shown in the graphs in the figures. During the measurements, there was a driver and a passenger in the car, and the research itself was carried out between 9:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., also on a Skoda Fabia car, and a driver with 10 years of driving experience was behind the wheel. The purpose of the study: to develop recommendations regarding: - indicators of the braking distance, which ensure the safe movement of vehicles in a dense traffic flow; - determination of the optimal distance to large vehicles when moving in dense traffic flows. Research task: establishing the influence of weather factors and road topography on the distance in the movement of dense traffic flows. Key words - speed, distance, braking distance, duration of the driver’s stay behind the wheel. References. 1. Bus rapid transit. Planning guide. – New York.: 3ed edition, 2007. –825 p. 2. Гаврилов Е.В. Основи теорії систем і управління / Е.В. Гаврилов, М.Ф. Дмитриченко, В.К. Доля, О.Т. Лановий, І.Е. Линник, В.П. 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