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Modern Methods of Engineering and Geodetic Observations Processing
Major: Geodesy and Land Management
Code of subject: 6.193.01.E.040
Credits: 6.00
Department: Engineering Geodesy
Lecturer: Dr. Oleksandr Zayats
Semester: 7 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Завдання: The processing of engineering and geodetic observations involves the use of modern methods, the use of classical and modern methods of processing observations in geodesy.
The study of an academic discipline involves the formation and development of students' competencies:
general:
• mastery of the state language at the general and scientific levels;
• knowledge of a foreign language at the general and professional levels;
• ability to abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis based on logical arguments and proven facts;
Learning outcomes: As a result of studying the academic discipline, the student must be able to demonstrate the following learning outcomes:
• the ability to critically evaluate the obtained results of activities and defend the decisions made with arguments;
• understanding the basics of labor protection and life safety and their application;
• the ability to apply knowledge and understanding to solve problems of synthesis and analysis in systems that are characteristic of the chosen specialization;
• the ability to combine theory and practice, as well as to make decisions to solve the tasks of the specialty, taking into account universal human values, public, state and industrial interests;
• the ability to organize one's own activities for effective time management;
Required prior and related subjects: Prerequisites
• Engineering geodesy part 1
• GNSS technologies in geodesy
Corequisites
• Engineering geodesy
• Engineering geodesy part 2
Modern engineering and geodetic technologies
Summary of the subject: The educational discipline "Modern methods of processing engineering and geodetic observations" includes and provides for the study of sources of errors that arise in linear and angular measurements; methods of detecting errors, reducing and eliminating their impact on measurement results; balancing of geodesic networks by the method of least squares.
The main task of the subject is the acquisition by students of theoretical and practical knowledge in the processing of engineering and geodetic observations, which are based on modern achievements of science, technology, advanced experience in geodetic production. As a result of studying the discipline, students should:
• be able to analyze measurement results, identify and eliminate gross errors from the obtained values;
• to know the theoretical and practical bases of balancing geodetic networks by correlated and parametric methods.
Опис: 1. Introduction. Measurements and their analysis. Sample and general population. Range and median. Graphical presentation of data. Numerical methods of data presentation. A measure of central tendency. An alternative formula for
determination of variance.
2. Direct and indirect measurements. Sources of errors. The concept of accuracy.
3. Theory of random errors. Elements of probability theory. Properties of the normal distribution curve. The standard normal distribution function. Probability of standard (mean squared) error.
4. Errors in angular and linear measurements. Sources of errors in horizontal angle measurements. Errors in taking readings. Sighting (guidance) errors. Sighting target centering errors. Device centering errors. Effect on angular measurements of instrument leveling errors. Electronic length measurement errors
devices
5. Measurement weights. Weighted average. The relationship between weight and average
quadratic error. Statistics of observations with weights. Weights in angular measurements. Scales in leveling networks.
6. The essence of the balancing problem. General information about the balancing of geodetic networks. Matrices, operations on matrices, basic rules of matrix algebra.
7. The method of least squares and its application in balancing geodesic networks. Basic principles of the method of least squares with
using scales Stochastic model. Mathematical model
8. Parametric method of balancing geodetic networks. Formulation of the problem of network balancing in a parametric way. Theoretical foundations of the parametric balancing method. A priori assessment of the accuracy of geodetic network projects. Compilation of correction equations for measured angles, lines, azimuths, directions, elevations. Unequal measurements. Equinox measurements. Ratio of weights of angular and linear dimensions. Sequence of calculations. A posteriori assessment of accuracy. Compilation of the weight function.
9. Correlative method of balancing geodetic networks. Formulation of the problem of network balancing in a correlated way. Theoretical foundations of the correlation method of balancing. Types of conditional equations in leveling networks. Conditional equations in triangulation. Counting the number of conditional equations. Permissible values of free terms of conditional equations.
Sequence of calculations. Assessment of accuracy.
10. Balancing of GNSS networks. GNSS observation. Sources of error and the need for balance. Application of the method of least squares for balancing GNSS measurements. Preliminary analysis of measurement results.
11. Error ellipses. Calculation of the error ellipse. Ellipse confidence interval
errors Advantages of using error ellipses.
12. Search for gross errors in planned networks. An a priori method of detecting gross errors. An a posteriori method of gross error detection. Determination of gross errors in measurements. Methods used to control the balancing process.
Assessment methods and criteria: The following methods are provided for monitoring the results of student learning in the process of current and semester monitoring:
• current control over the performance of laboratory works and their protection;
• testing in a virtual learning environment;
• protection of an individual task;
• oral survey from individual sections. Laboratory works are evaluated for 2 points.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: The maximum score is 100.
Current control - 30 points
Written component - 60 points.
Oral survey - 10 points.
4 points - ("excellent") is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied, in their interrelationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions posed, the ability apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
3.5 points - ("very good") is awarded for knowledge of the educational material above the average level, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions asked (a small amount of inaccuracies is possible), the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
3 points – ("good") is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material, including calculations, reasoned answers to
asked questions, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
2.5 points - ("mediocre" ("satisfactory") is given for mediocre knowledge of the educational material, poorly reasoned answers, weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
2 – ("satisfactory") is given for weak knowledge of the educational material of the component, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
1 point – ("unsatisfactory") is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
0 points - ("very bad") is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material, significant mistakes in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of basic fundamental provisions.
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100-88 points - certified with an “excellent” grade - High level: the student demonstrates an in-depth mastery of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the discipline, systematic knowledge, skills and abilities of their practical application. The mastered knowledge, skills and abilities provide the ability to independently formulate goals and organize learning activities, search and find solutions in non-standard, atypical educational and professional situations. The applicant demonstrates the ability to make generalizations based on critical analysis of factual material, ideas, theories and concepts, to formulate conclusions based on them. His/her activity is based on interest and motivation for self-development, continuous professional development, independent research activities, implemented with the support and guidance of the teacher. 87-71 points - certified with a grade of “good” - Sufficient level: involves mastery of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the discipline at an advanced level, conscious use of knowledge, skills and abilities to reveal the essence of the issue. Possession of a partially structured set of knowledge provides the ability to apply it in familiar educational and professional situations. Aware of the specifics of tasks and learning situations, the student demonstrates the ability to search for and choose their solution according to the given sample, to argue for the use of a particular method of solving the problem. Their activities are based on interest and motivation for self-development and continuous professional development. 70-50 points - certified with a grade of “satisfactory” - Satisfactory level: outlines the mastery of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the discipline at the average level, partial awareness of educational and professional tasks, problems and situations, knowledge of ways to solve typical problems and tasks. The applicant demonstrates an average level of skills and abilities to apply knowledge in practice, and solving problems requires assistance, support from a model. The basis of learning activities is situational and heuristic, dominated by motives of duty, unconscious use of opportunities for self-development. 49-00 points - certified with a grade of “unsatisfactory” - Unsatisfactory level: indicates an elementary mastery of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the discipline, a general understanding of the content of the educational material, partial use of knowledge, skills and abilities. The basis of learning activities is situational and pragmatic interest.
Recommended books: 1. Смірнов М.В., Белугін Д.А. Теорія ймовірності і математична стаистика в задачах геодезії. Недра, 1969.
2. Маркузе Ю.И. Математичне опрацювання вимірів: ВІНІТІ АН, 1985.
3. Большаков. В.Д. Теорія помилок спостережень. – М.: Недра, 1983.
4. Huaan Fan. Theory of Errors and Least Squares Adjustment. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Division of Geodesy and Geoinformatics. – Stockholm, Sweden, 2010
5. Harvey, Bruce R. Practical least squares and statistics for surveyors. Monograph 13, Third Edition, School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales, 2006
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