Chemistry 4 (Physical and Colloid Chemistry), Part 1

Major: Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Code of subject: 6.162.00.O.022
Credits: 5.00
Department: Physical, Analytical and General Chemistry
Lecturer: as.prof. Gerasymchuk S.I.
Semester: 3 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: Studying the thermodynamic and kinetic aspect of the analysis of processes and phenomena in homo- and hetero systems, the influence of dispersion on the course of processes in highly dispersed systems, which form the foundation of modern knowledge during biotechnological processes and scientific research in this field.
Завдання: 1. Determine the thermal effects of physical and chemical processes. 2. Calculate the constants of chemical equilibrium and determine the thermodynamic probability of the process using tables of thermodynamic quantities. 3. Build and analyze state diagrams of one- and two-component systems. 4. Determine the molecular weight, isotonic coefficient, degree of dissociation, osmotic pressure, increase in boiling point and decrease in freezing point of solutions by physicochemical methods. 2. 5. Determine the rate constant, activation energy, reaction order and use these data to analyze the course of processes in biotechnological systems. 6. Determine the stability of colloidal systems. 7. Determine the electrokinetic potential of the sol and the charge sign of the colloidal particles. 8. Determine the critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM) of colloidal vapors. 9. Determine the polydispersity of powders by the sedimentation method. 10. To be able to use modern methods of physical and colloidal chemistry to study various physical and chemical processes taking place in biotechnology. 11. On the basis of experimental data, be able to mathematically and graphically solve problems, generalize them and connect them with practical application according to the professional profile.
Learning outcomes: Know the thermodynamic method for evaluating equilibrium of various processes, including biotechnology - chemical reactions, in one-component systems, formation of solutions, two-component heterogeneous systems, three-heterogeneous systems. - know the kinetic method for evaluation of speeds of chemical reactions to determine their kinetic parameters - know the basic laws of colloid chemistry - master methods of calculation of colloid-chemical parameters of chemical and biotechnological processes - introduce the basic methods of colloid chemistry experiments
Required prior and related subjects: Higher mathematics General and Inorganic Chemistry Physics
Summary of the subject: Chemical thermodynamics, the concept of systems, analysis of the equilibrium of chemical reactions, equilibrium in one-component systems, solutions of non-electrolytes,solutions electrolytes, diagrams of two-component heterogeneous systems. Kinetics of simple reactions, the concept of catalysis, the peculiarities of highly dispersed systems, their classification, adsorption, wetting , electrokinetic phenomena, optical and molecular-kinetic properties of highly dispersed systems.
Опис: 1. Introduction. Subject and content of the physical chemistry course. Laws of chemical thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics. Internal energy, heat, work, enthalpy. The second law of thermodynamics. Reversible and irreversible processes. Entropy as a criterion of balance and directionality of processes in isolated systems. 2. Chemical balance. Equilibrium conditions in multicomponent heterogeneous systems. Gibbs phase rule. Partial molar values. The equation of the isotherm of a chemical reaction. Ways of expressing the equilibrium constant in ideal and real systems. 3. Phase equilibrium in one-component systems. Gibbs phase rule. One-component systems. Clapeyron-Clausius equation. Analysis of state diagrams of single-component systems. 4. Solutions. Colligative properties of solutions. Equilibrium in the asification system with limited solubility in the liquid state. Critical delamination temperature. Electrolyte solutions. Degree of dissociation, isotonic coefficient. 5. Phase equilibrium in two-component systems. Equilibrium in the crystal-liquid system. Cooling curves, thermal analysis. Analysis of systems with limited and unlimited solubility in the solid state, with simple eutectics and the formation of stable and unstable chemical compounds. Equilibrium in the vapor-solution system of volatile liquids. Patterns of total vapor pressure above the solution. Laws of Konovalov-Vrevskyi. Diagrams of composition-steam pressure and composition-boiling temperature. Distillation and rectification. 6. Chemical kinetics. Basic concepts of chemical kinetics. Kinetic classification of homogeneous processes. Kinetic equations of reactions of the first, second, "n-th" order. Experimental methods of determining the reaction order. Dependence of the reaction rate on temperature. Arrhenius equation. Kinetics of heterogeneous processes. 7. The subject of colloidal chemistry. The concept of colloidal systems. Classification of dispersed systems according to various characteristics. Preparation and purification of dispersed systems. Dispersion and aggregation. Dialysis, electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. 8. Surface phenomena and adsorption. Wetting of a solid body with a liquid. Adhesion and cohesion, their role in chemical technology. Flotation methods of separation of substances. Adsorption from solutions on the liquid-gas surface. Surface activity and surfactants (surfactants). Molecular adsorption on a solid surface. Theories of adsorption. Rebinder's polarity rule. Ion adsorption. Rules of adsorption of ions. Lyotropic series. Ion exchange adsorption and its role in nature and biotechnology. 9. Properties of dispersed systems. Optical properties of dispersed systems. Molecular-kinetic properties: diffusion, Brownian 2 motion and sedimentation. Sedimentation stability of dispersed systems and sedimentation analysis. Electrical properties of dispersed systems. The reason for the appearance of the electric double layer (EDL). PESH building. Electrokinetic phenomena, electrokinetic potential. Effect of electrolytes on electrokinetic potential. 10. Aggregative stability of colloidal systems and coagulation. The influence of various factors on aggregative stability. Coagulation kinetics. Stabilization of colloidal systems.
Assessment methods and criteria: Written work with laboratory work, oral examination (45%) Final control (55% examination); written-oral form
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Calculation and graphic work (21 p.) Performance and protection of laboratory work (12*2=24 p.) Examination control (55 pages)
Recommended books: Kovalchuk E.P. Physical chemistry: textbook / E.P. Kovalchuk, O.V. Reshetnyak. - L., Publisher LNU. Franko, 2007. - 800 p. 2. Moroz A.S., Kovalev A.G. Physical and Colloid Chemistry. - Lviv: "Svit." 1994. - 247 p. 3. Tinoco And Sauer K., Wang J., J. Paglisi. Physical chemistry. Principles and Applications in the life sciences: Trans. from English. - M .: Technosphere, 2005.- 743 p. 4. Nyzhnyk VV Voloshynets V.A.Nyzhnyk TY Colloid chemistry with elements nanochemistry. Pidruchnyk- Kyiv: Fitosotsiotsentr, 2012. - 506 p.
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