Chemistry

Major: Nuclear Power Engineering
Code of subject: 6.143.00.O.020
Credits: 3.00
Department: Physical, Analytical and General Chemistry
Lecturer: Hrynchuk Yurii
Semester: 3 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: The course "Chemistry", as a fundamental discipline, involves the performance of general educational (formation of the student's scientific outlook) and specific practical functions. The latter involves the assimilation of leading chemical concepts and laws, the formation of general and special abilities and skills with the application of chemical laws and processes, the appropriate and correct use of chemicals and materials, as well as their handling in a specific field.
Завдання: The development of thermal and nuclear power plants significantly affects the country's energy independence. The "Chemistry" course is a theoretical basis for further study of general technical and special disciplines of the specified specialty, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of primary energy carriers in the process of their transformation into electrical and thermal energy. Without high-quality scientific and technical support, the development of atomic energy is impossible.
Learning outcomes: Must know the basics of the structure of atoms and molecules, the relationship between energy electrons in atoms and molecules structure and their properties; • mastering the fundamental laws of chemistry and the ability to use them for practical purposes, that mastering the technique of calculations and decisions simple tasks of experimental chemistry. • Knowledge of basic chemical elements and their compounds. • develop skills of self-fulfillment chemical experiments, synthesis of experimental evidence and forming conclusions; • ability to implement obtaining knowledge, the study of geochemical and biochemical about "objects, preventing and eliminating emergency situations of natural and technological backgrounds
Required prior and related subjects: • Higher mathematics, • General Physics.
Summary of the subject: Basic concepts and terms of chemistry. The laws of chemistry. The structure of the atom and the connection with the periodic system. Chemical bonding and properties of molecules. Energy of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics and equilibrium. The theory of electrolytic dissociation and hydrolysis. Electrochemical processes. Corrosion of metals. Redox reactions. General properties of metals. Chemical reactions in nature and their use for environment desinfication.
Опис: STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM Development of ideas about the structure of the atom. Quantum mechanical model of the atom. Corpuscular-wave dualism of the electron. Characterization of the electronic energy state by quantum numbers. Concept of energy level, sublevel, atomic orbital. Klechkowski's rule. CHEMICAL BOND Types of chemical bond. Covalent bond. Method of valence bonds. Features of a covalent bond: saturation and directionality. Valence capabilities of elements. Exchange and donor-acceptor mechanism of covalent bond formation. Hybridization of atomic orbitals. CLASSES OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS. OXIDES. SALT Classification and nomenclature of chemical compounds. Classification of inorganic compounds according to their composition, chemical and functional characteristics: homo- and heterocompounds - simple substances, binary and complex heterocompounds. Relationship between the most important classes of inorganic substances. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Energy effects of chemical reactions. Internal energy and enthalpy. Laws of thermochemistry. Concept of enthalpy. Entropy change in chemical processes. Gibbs free energy and its change. Directionality of chemical reactions. Conditions for the spontaneous course of chemical reactions. CHEMICAL KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Chemical reactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The rate of homogeneous reactions. Le Chatelier's principle and its significance in chemistry. The influence of external factors on shifts in chemical equilibrium. ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION Electrolytes. Properties of electrolyte solutions. Electrolytic dissociation of water molecules. Ionic product of water. Hydrogen index (pH). Methods of determining pH. The solubility product of sparingly soluble substances. Ionic reactions. Conditions for passing to the end of exchange reactions. HYDROLYSIS OF SALTS Hydrolysis of salts. The essence of the hydrolysis process. Variants of hydrolysis of salts as a result of polarization interaction of salt ions with water molecules. The degree of hydrolysis and its dependence on the concentration and temperature of the solution. Hydrolysis constant. The relationship between the degree and the hydrolysis constant. REDOX REACTIONS Redox reactions. Oxidation and reduction processes. Oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Types of reactions. Methods of drawing up equations of redox reactions. Factors affecting the course of redox reactions. Electrode and redox potentials. GALVANIC ELEMENTS Concept of electrode potential. The essence of the processes that take place at the electrodes. Sources of electricity. Hydrogen and oxygen electrodes, galvanic elements. Polarization of galvanic elements. ELECTROLYSIS Cathodic and anodic processes occurring during electrolysis. Electrolysis of melts and solutions of salts, oxides, alkalis, acids. Overvoltage phenomenon. Metal refining, chemical and electrochemical production of metals. Gaseous and liquid wastes that occur during electrolysis. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF METALS Position of metals in the periodic table. Features of the electronic structure of atoms. Valency and degrees of oxidation. Physical and chemical properties and their change by groups and periods. Interaction of metals with non-metals, water, alkalis, acids. CORROSION OF METALS Corrosion is a spontaneous oxidation-reduction process of the destruction of metals. Types of corrosion damage. Types of corrosion processes: chemical, electrochemical and electrocorrosion, biocorrosion. Corrosion rate. Methods of protecting metals from corrosion. WATER HARDNESS Influence of the nature of the metal ion on its concentration in natural water. Temporary and permanent water hardness. Methods of determining water hardness. Elimination of water hardness in industry and everyday life. Ions of heavy metals in water during industrial pollution and methods of their elimination.
Assessment methods and criteria: • written reports on laboratory work, oral examination, reference work (30%) • final control (70% control measure, exam), written-oral form (70%)
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Laboratory works - 15 points Test control - 15 points Calculation and graphic work - 10 points Credit control - 60 points
Recommended books: N.V.Romanova. General and Inorganic Chemistry. K .; Irpen: WTF "Perun", 2002. - 480p. 2. H.A.Korchynskyy. Chemistry. Type-in "skirts-2000", 2002 -340s. 3. General Chemistry. / Textbook and examples for solving typical problems of the most important parts of the course / edited by Dr. Sci. Nykypanchuka MV Lviv "Lviv Polytechnic", 2001. - 154s. 4. B.Ya.Kotur. Chemistry. .: Practical Training. manual. Publishing center of Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Lviv, 2004. - 237s.