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Operating Modes of Nuclear Power Plants
Major: Nuclear Power Engineering
Code of subject: 6.143.01.E.057
Credits: 5.00
Department: Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Lecturer: Associate Professor, Ph. D. Matiko Halyna Fedorivna
Semester: 8 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Завдання: The study of an educational discipline involves the formation of competencies in students of education:
general competences:
ZK3: the ability to learn and master modern knowledge;
ZK11: skills for performing safe activities.
professional competences:
FK1: the ability to demonstrate a systematic understanding of the key aspects and concepts of the development of the nuclear energy industry;
FK8: the ability to take into account legal, social, environmental, ethical, economic and commercial considerations affecting the implementation of engineering solutions in the field of nuclear energy;
FK12: the ability to ensure quality in the field of nuclear energy.
FCS1.6: know energy consumption modes, maneuverability of NPP power units, principles of load regulation at increased and reduced NPP power, methods of finding the most profitable solutions and ways to improve the safety of NPP power units.
FCS2.6: know the water-chemical regimes of nuclear power plants, the peculiarities of their management in order to eliminate or reduce to an acceptable level the corrosion of structural and reactor materials; preventing the formation of deposits on the surface of the equipment; ensuring reliable and economical operation of NPP power units.
Learning outcomes: PR1: knowledge and understanding of mathematics, physics, chemistry and engineering at a level necessary to achieve the outcomes of the educational program, including some awareness of the latest developments in the field.
Lectures and practical classes: information-receptive method, reproductive method, heuristic method, problem presentation method,
independent work: reproductive method.
Current control: selective oral survey; speaking at classes, presentations, essays and presentations, tests, assessment of activity, submitted proposals, original solutions, etc.
Examination control: written and oral survey, test control.
PR13: understand the non-technical (society, health and safety, environment, economy and industry) implications of engineering practice.
Lectures and practical classes: information-receptive method, reproductive method, heuristic method, problem presentation method,
independent work: reproductive method.
Current control: selective oral survey; speaking at classes, presentations, essays and presentations, tests, assessment of activity, submitted proposals, original solutions, etc.
Examination control: written and oral survey, test control.
PR1.7: to be able to control and monitor the operation of power equipment, to make prompt decisions in normal and emergency modes, to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific principles and engineering approaches underlying the safety of nuclear power.
Lectures and practical classes: information-receptive method, reproductive method, heuristic method, problem presentation method,
independent work: reproductive method.
Current control: selective oral survey; speaking at classes, presentations, essays and presentations, tests, assessment of activity, submitted proposals, original solutions, etc.
Examination control: written and oral survey, test control.
PR2.1: demonstrate an understanding of the conditions of the water-chemical regime of power plants, in particular, chemical control and water treatment.
Lectures and practical classes: information-receptive method, reproductive method, heuristic method, problem presentation method,
independent work: reproductive method.
Current control: selective oral survey; speaking at classes, presentations, essays and presentations, tests, assessment of activity, submitted proposals, original solutions, etc.
Examination control: written and oral survey, test control.
Required prior and related subjects: • Nuclear Power Reactors
• Nuclear Power Plants, part 1, 2
• Steam Generators of Nuclear Power Plants, part 1, 2
• Protection Against Ionizing Radiation
• Heat Exchange of Nuclear Power Plants
Summary of the subject: The discipline provides for the study of the peculiarities of the operation of nuclear power plants with water-water power reactors of the VVER type, and the main tasks of nuclear power plant operation are highlighted. The operating conditions of NPPs in power systems, the classification of NPP operating modes, the problems of involving NPPs to regulate the load in power systems, programs for regulating the power of power units with VVER, and ways to increase the efficiency of the nuclear fuel cycle are considered. Particular attention is paid to the study of the peculiarities of NPP operation in the start-up and normal shutdown modes of NPPs, the peculiarities of stationary and transient modes of operation of power units, the causes and features of emergency modes of NPP power units. The operation of the nuclear reactor in the power effect of reactivity, the modes of continuation of the reactor campaign, the operation of VVER power units with disabled HVTs were analyzed. Methods of accumulating heat at NPPs, ways of adapting NPPs to variable power system load schedules are considered.
Опис: INTRODUCTION. Basic terms and definitions.
FEATURES OF THE OPERATION OF NPP WITH WATER-WATER ENERGY REACTORS OF THE VVER TYPE
General information about radiation safety of nuclear power plants.
General information about the nuclear safety of nuclear power plants.
General information about residual heat release.
The main tasks of NPP operation.
OPERATING CONDITIONS OF NPP IN ENERGY SYSTEMS. MANEUVERABILITY OF POWER UNITS
Energy systems. Graphs of electrical loads. Irregularity of electric loads.
Distribution of loads between power plants and power units. Coverage of different areas of electrical load graphs. Maneuverability of energy units. Analysis of the operating conditions of power units in power systems in the near future.
OPERATING MODES OF NPP AND FEATURES OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Problems of involving NPPs for load regulation in energy systems. Classification of NPP operating modes. Management of the operation mode of the power unit when supplying electricity to the network.
Programs for power regulation of power units with VVER.
Ways of increasing the efficiency of the nuclear fuel cycle.
The operation of a nuclear reactor on the power effect of reactivity.
NPP START-UP AND NORMAL STOP MODES
Starting modes of NPP operation. Physical start-up of the reactor. Energetic start-up of the reactor. Stages of start-up of nuclear power plant with VVER reactors.
Start-up scheme of the NPP block with VVER-1000. YPSU start-up technology.
Modes of normal shutdown and cooling of the NPP.
The influence of reactor poisoning on start-up and shutdown modes. Peculiarities of starting and stopping nuclear power plants with RBMK reactors and reactors on SH.
STATIONARY MODES OF OPERATION OF NPP POWER UNITS
Operation of EB when the NPP is operating at capacity.
Programs for regulation of NPP power units and their implementation. Basic rules of operation of the reactor plant when working at capacity. Modes of continuation of the reactor campaign. Operation of VVER power units with the HVT disconnected.
Features of operation of nuclear thermal power plants and nuclear heat supply stations.
Schematic diagrams of heating installations. Modes of operation of APEC and AST units.
TRANSIENT MODES OF NPP POWER UNITS
Power unit capacity change processes.
Non-stationary xenon poisoning in transient regimes.
Operating modes of power units with their participation in frequency regulation and emergency management of power systems.
EMERGENCY MODES OF NPP POWER UNITS.
Emergency modes and their causes. Emergency protection at VVER power units.
Review of security systems at the NPP.
Design accidents. Review of severe accidents.
HEAT ACCUMULATION AT NPP.
Methods of accumulating heat at nuclear power plants.
Application of phase transition accumulators in NPP schemes.
WAYS OF NPP ADAPTATION TO VARIABLE ENERGY SYSTEM LOAD SCHEDULES.
Combination of schemes of NPP and peak HTU.
Modes of use of thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants during their parallel operation.
Principles of application of the NPP control range.
Regulator consumers in the NPP scheme and outside the NPP scheme.
Assessment methods and criteria: Current monitoring of practical classes is carried out in order to identify the student's readiness for classes in the following forms:
• oral survey before the start of classes;
• assessment of the student's activity in the course of classes, submitted proposals, original solutions, clarifications and definitions, additions to previous answers, etc.;
• surveys and reports during the practical session.
Examination control is carried out in the form of a written and oral survey and/or test control.
The final control is carried out based on the results of the current control and semester examination control.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Current control (PC) - 30 points
Examination control - 70 points (written component - 60 points, oral component - 10 points)
Total for the discipline - 100 points
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88% – awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied, in their relationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically , consistently answer questions, ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
87–80% – awarded for knowledge of the educational material of the component above the average level, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions asked (a small number of inaccuracies are possible), the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
79–71% – a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, is awarded for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
70–61% – awarded for mediocre knowledge of the educational material of the component, poorly reasoned answers, weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
60–50% – awarded for weak knowledge of the educational material of the component, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
49–26% – is presented for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems;
25-00% - awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions, failure to complete the task.
Recommended books: 1. Topolnitsky M. V. Nuclear Power Plants: Textbook for Universities. – Lviv: Beskyd Bit Publishing House, 2005. – 524 p.
2. Ivanov V. A. Nuclear Power Plant operation: textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Energoatomizdat, 1994. – 384 p.
3. Nuclear power plants with PWR: Modes, characteristics, efficiency / R. Z. Aminov, V. A. Khrustalev, A. S. Duhovensky, A. I. Osadchyi. – M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990. – 264 p.
4. Ostreikovskyi V. A. Operation of Nuclear Stations: Textbook for Universities. - M.: Energoatomizdat. – 1999. – 928 p.
5. Tevlin S. A. Nuclear power plants with WWER-1000 reactors. – M: Publishing House of MEI, 2008. – 358 p.
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