Methods of Water Preparation at Thermal Power Plants and Water Regime of Heat-generating Units

Major: Thermal Power Engineering
Code of subject: 6.144.00.O.031
Credits: 5.00
Department: Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Lecturer: Associate professor, Kovalenko Tetyana Pavlevna
Semester: 6 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: Formation of knowledge among students about the patterns of formation of scale and salt deposits, study of basic methods and devices of physical, chemical and thermal treatment of water, which are currently used at thermal power stations. Much attention is paid in this course to the study of schemes of installations and equipment designs, methods of calculating devices, the number of dosed reagents and the duration of individual stages of water preparation. Acquiring skills and competencies that ensure the ability to correctly use knowledge during the calculation of water treatment power plants, which will make it possible to consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice and use it in the future at thermal power facilities.
Завдання: The study of an educational discipline involves the formation of competences in students of education: general competences: ZK1: ability to apply knowledge in practice; ZK6: the ability to search and analyze information from various sources; ZK9: the ability to solve tasks and make appropriate decisions; ZK15: potential for further education; professional competences: FK3: basic knowledge of technical characteristics, design features, purpose and rules of operation of thermal power equipment; FK6: knowledge of modern technological processes and systems of technological preparation of production;
Learning outcomes: - to know the structure and physical and chemical properties of natural waters, physical and chemical basis of the formation of scale, contamination of steam and origin of salt deposits; - to know the rules as steam, condensate, boiler feed and water; efficient and economic methods support water regime, structural and technological characteristics of modern types of water treatment plants; - be able to design, plan and organize processes of water treatment and water regime TPP; - be able to design technological equipment department of water and perform the necessary calculations.
Required prior and related subjects: Prerequisites: •Chemistry • Physics • Technical thermodynamics; Co-requisites: •Boiler units of thermal power facilities •Boiler units of thermal power plants
Summary of the subject: The value of water and the water regime TPP. The main sources of water loss and steam. Impurities in natural waters. Characterization of contaminants in natural waters. Quality of water. Classification of natural waters of Ukraine and their features. Previous water treatment. Removal of water-roughly dispersed impurities. Designs lagoons. Physical and chemical basis of the process of coagulation of impurities in the water. The properties of colloidal systems. Physical and chemical bases and removal of silicon softening water by sedimentation. Schemes and equipment installations for water softening and removal of silicon water by sedimentation. Filtration removal of silicon water. Physical and chemical basis of the process of filtration. Water treatment by ion exchange. Physical and chemical principles of ion exchange. Desalting water by ion exchange. Treatment of cooling water to the power station. Cooling and stabilization of cooling water. Preventing the formation of mineral deposits. Methods for stabilizing water. Preventing the formation of biological deposits in cooling systems. Membrane water purification methods. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. Electrodialysis.
Опис: 1. Section 1. Substantive provisions §1. Introduction. Importance of water preparation and water regime of thermal power plants. Types of power plants. The main sources of water and steam losses. §2. Impurities in natural waters. Characteristics of impurities in natural waters. Water quality indicators. Classification of natural waters of Ukraine and their features. 2. Section No. 2. Preliminary water treatment. §1. Preliminary water purification. Removal of coarse-dispersed impurities from water. Structures of sedimentation tanks. §2. Physico-chemical basis of the process of coagulation of impurities in water. Properties of colloidal systems. Coagulating reagents and processes occurring when they are introduced into water. Hardware design of the process. Physico-chemical basis of water softening and descaling by precipitation method. Schemes and equipment of installations for softening water and desalination of water by the sedimentation method. §3. Filtration desalination of water. Steam and condensate degreasing. Extraction of iron compounds from condensate. Schemes and equipment used in these methods. Water clarification by filtration. Physico-chemical basis of the filtration process. Classification of lighting filters. Design and operation of filters. Chapter 3. Water treatment by the ion exchange method. §1. Physico-chemical basics of ion exchange. Classification of ion exchange materials and their characteristics. §2. Sodium and H-cationization of water. Regeneration of used filter. Cation technology. Design of filters. OH-anionization. Reactions occurring during anionization. Regeneration of ion exchange filters. Designs of anionic filters. §3. Desalination of water by the method of ion exchange. The principle of ionic desalination. Schemes of water desalination and features of their application. Mixing action filter and its regeneration. Chapter 4. Treatment of cooling water at the TPP. §1. Systems of cooling and stabilization of cooling water. Preventing the formation of mineral deposits. Methods of water stabilization. §2. Treatment of water in magnetic and acoustic fields. Preventing the formation of biological deposits in cooling systems Chapter 5. Membrane methods of water purification. §1. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. Electrodialysis. Chapter 6. Removal of corrosive-aggressive gases from water. §1 Physico-chemical basics of removing gases from water. Solubility of gases in water. Henry's Law. Desorption of gases from water. §2 Thermal deaeration. Types and designs of deaerators. Deaeration in steam turbine condensers. §3 Chemical methods of removing gases from water. Removal of free carbonic acid from water. Types and design features of decarbonizers. Chapter 7. Thermal desalination of water. §1 Physico-chemical basis of the method of thermal desalination of water. Desalination of water in boiling type evaporators. Obtaining distillate in flash-boiling evaporators. §2 Schemes of evaporation plants: single- and multi-stage. Selection of scheme type. Basics of calculation and selection of equipment.
Assessment methods and criteria: lectures, practical classes, autonomous work of student
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Maximum score in points Current control (PC) - 30 points Examination control - 70 points Total for the discipline - 100 points
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: Points for current and exam control are assigned as a percentage of the maximum score for the educational material of the component based on the following criteria for evaluating the student's knowledge and skills.
Recommended books: 1. Mysak Y.S., Tymofyeyev I.L., Zayats M.F. Vodopidhotovka, vodnyi regym ta konservuvannia teplotehnichnjgo ustatkuvannya elektrostantsiy. Navch. posibnyk, Lviv: NU „LP”, 2009. (in Ukrainian). 2. Sterman L.S., Pokrovskyy V.N. Khymycheskye i termycheskye metody obrabotky vody na TES - M.: Energiya, 1991. (in Russian) 3. 3. Vykhrev V.F., Shkrob M.S. Vodopodhotovka – M.: Energiya, 1973. (in Russian) 4. Tymofyeyev I.L. Vodopidhotovka. Konspekt lektsiy. – Lviv. Vyd-vo NU”LP”, 2000. (in Ukrainian)
Уніфікований додаток: Lviv Polytechnic National University ensures the realization of the right of persons with special educational needs to obtain higher education. Inclusive educational services are provided by the "Without Limits" accessibility to learning opportunities service, the purpose of which is to provide permanent individual support for the educational process of students with disabilities and chronic diseases. An important tool for the implementation of the inclusive educational policy at the University is the Program for improving the qualifications of scientific and pedagogical workers and educational and support staff in the field of social inclusion and inclusive education.
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