Environmental Protection Units in Heat Power Engineering

Major: Thermal Power Engineering
Code of subject: 6.144.00.O.032
Credits: 5.00
Department: Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Lecturer: Associate professor, Tymofyeyev Igor Leonidovych
Semester: 6 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: The formation of knowledge among students about the main directions of protecting nature from pollution by thermal energy enterprises, since thermal power plants and boiler plants emit harmful substances into the atmosphere of about 25% of the gross emission of the entire industry of the country. Acquiring skills and competences that ensure the ability to correctly use knowledge during the calculation of power plants, which will make it possible to consolidate the acquired knowledge in practice and use it in the future at thermal power facilities.
Завдання: The study of an educational discipline involves the formation of competencies in students of education: general competences: ZK5: ability to apply knowledge in practice; ZK6: the ability to search and analyze information from various sources; professional competences: FK2: basic knowledge of the main regulatory and legal acts and reference materials, current standards and technical conditions, instructions and other regulatory documents in the field of heat energy; FK3: basic knowledge of technical characteristics, design features, purpose and rules of operation of thermal power equipment.
Learning outcomes: - Know the basic factors and sources that lead to environmental pollution, existing methods and security settings air and water in thermal power plants, power plants, boiler rooms, basic theoretical principles of traps dust and ash, dispelling harmful emissions into the atmosphere, types and design features of the chimney; - Be able to calculate the amount of harmful emissions on objects of power system, analyze the nature of the emissions and the state of the atmosphere; - Be able to calculate and choose statutes for flue gas cleaning and waste water, to calculate the height of the chimney acceptable to provide sanitation for the people living in the zone of active pollution, choose the appropriate design of the chimney; - Be able to assess the impact of harmful fumes to nearby regions.
Required prior and related subjects: Prerequisites: •Higher mathematics •Heat and Mass Transfer Co-requisites: • Industrial power plants • Thermal Power Plants
Summary of the subject: World energy and its impact on the environment. Ukraine Energy and environmental issues. Types and extent of emissions at thermal power plants. Impact of the TPP on the air. Toxic substances in the fuel and flue gases. The transformation of TPP emissions in air. Removal of ash Removal of ash on the power station. General characteristics of the ash and the basic theory of removal of ash. Installation for removal of ash types and their characteristics. Cottrell. Special types installation for removal of ash. Research Methods installation for removal of ash efficiency. The use of fly ash thermal power plants. Reducing emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in power station. Processing sulfur fuels prior to combustion in thermal power plants (gasification, pyrolysis). Methods of suppressing processes of sulfur oxides in the steam generator. The methods and technological schemes of cleaning flue gases from sulfur oxides. Reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides. Terms formation of nitrogen oxides in boilers. Methods of suppressing processes of nitrogen oxides. The methods and technological schemes of cleaning flue gases from nitrogen oxides.
Опис: 1. Introduction. Energy of Ukraine and problems of ecology. Types and scales of harmful emissions at TPPs. Characteristics of the discipline 2. Section 1. Current state, problems and ways of solving the issues of reducing harmful emissions in the heat energy sector of Ukraine. Topic 1.1 Problems of reducing harmful emissions in the heat energy industry of Ukraine Topic 1.2. Ways of solving issues of reducing harmful emissions in the heat energy industry of Ukraine. 3 Chapter 2. Emissions of thermal power plants into the atmosphere and their impact on the environment Topic 2.1. Toxic substances in fuel and flue gases 4 Topic 2.2. Transformation of harmful emissions of thermal power plants in atmospheric air 5 Topic 2.3. Impact of harmful emissions of power plants on nature and people Topic 2.4. Standardization of maximum permissible emissions. 6 Chapter 3. Capture of solids from TPP flue gases Topic 3.1. Characteristics of fly ash. Basics of the theory of trapping 7 Topic 3.2. Types and characteristics of ash catchers 8 Topic 3.3. Inertial ash catchers. Calculation of the battery cyclone 9 Topic 3.4. Wet ash catchers. Calculation of wet ash catchers. 10 Topic 3.5. Electrofilters. Physical basis of the process. Process mechanism. The main elements of the electrofilter. Calculation of the electrofilter. 11 Topic 3.6. Peculiarities of capturing ash with unfavorable electrophysical properties 12 Topic 3.7. Catching ash at oil-fired CHP plants 13 Chapter 4. The main ways of reducing emissions of toxic gases from TPPs Topic 4.1. Purification of flue gases from sulfurous substances. Wet limestone (limestone) method. Wet-dry method. 14 Magnesite cyclic method. Ammonia-cyclic method. Ozone method. Dry limestone (additive) method. 15 Topic 4.2. Processing of sulphurous fuels before their burning 16 Topic 4.3. Formation of nitrogen oxides in boiler fuels 17 Topic 4.4. Methods of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions 18 Topic 4.5. Methods of reducing emissions of other harmful substances contained in the flue gases of boilers 19 Chapter 5. Dispersion of power plant emissions in the atmosphere Topic 5.1. Dispersion of harmful substances in the atmosphere when released through a vertical pipe. 20 Statics of the atmosphere. Dynamics of the atmosphere. The rise of the smoke torch above the mouth of the chimney 21 Topic 5.2. Smoke pipes 22 Topic 5.3. Methodology for calculating the dispersion of harmful substances and choosing the optimal height of the chimney.
Assessment methods and criteria: • written reports on laboratory works, oral questioning (30%) • final control (control measure - exam): written and oral form (70%)
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Maximum score in points Current control (PC) - 30 points Examination control - 70 points Total for the discipline - 100 points
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: Points for current and exam control are assigned as a percentage of the maximum score for the educational material of the component based on the following criteria for evaluating the student's knowledge and skills.
Recommended books: 1.Bilyavskyy H.O., Furduy R.S., Kostyukov I.Yu. Osnovy ekolohichnykh znan (pidruchnyk dlya VNZ) – Kyiv, “Lybid?”, 2004. – 350 s. (in Ukrainian) 2. Zerkalov D.V. Enerhozberezhennya v Ukrayini. [Elektronnyy resurs] Monohrafiya.– K.: Osnova, 2012. – 582 s. 3. Enerhosberezhenye y enerhetycheskyy audyt. Uchebnoe posobye / Pod red. prof. Malyarenko V.A. – Khar?kov: KHNAHKH, 2008. – 253s
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