Operating Modes of Thermal Power Plants Units

Major: Thermal Power Engineering
Code of subject: 6.144.01.E.054
Credits: 5.00
Department: Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants
Lecturer: Senior Lecturer Zayats Мariya Fedorivna
Semester: 8 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: Formation of students' knowledge of the peculiarities of studying start-up and stop modes and ensuring reliable and economical operation of TPP power equipment (steam boilers, steam turbines, and auxiliary boiler-turbine equipment), which will allow them to successfully solve theoretical and practical tasks in their professional activities, under conditions of variable loads , assimilation of modes optimization methods in specific conditions, as well as assimilation of the rules of normal operation of the equipment.
Завдання: The study of an educational discipline involves the formation of competencies in students of education: general competences: ZK5: ability to apply knowledge in practice; ZK6: the ability to search and analyze information from various sources; ZK9: the ability to solve tasks and make appropriate decisions; ZK15: potential for further education. professional competences: FC2: basic knowledge of the main regulatory and legal acts and reference materials, current standards and technical conditions, instructions and other regulatory documents in the field of heat energy; FC6: knowledge of modern technological processes and systems of technological preparation of production.
Learning outcomes: As a result of studying the academic discipline, the student must be able to demonstrate the following learning outcomes: 1) knowledge of the operating modes of thermal power equipment, in particular steam and water boilers, deaerators, feed units, condensing units, heaters, etc.; 2) knowledge of heat load schedules, ability to choose heating equipment. 3) the ability to apply methods of optimizing the operating modes of thermal power facilities and improve thermal schemes. As a result of studying this course, future specialists should gain knowledge of TPP operation technology in the conditions of changing load regimes and have a clear idea of the real maneuverability of modern thermal power equipment. PR5: Choose and apply suitable typical analytical, calculation and experimental methods; correctly interpret the results of such studies. PR13: Understand the basic design and research methods in thermal energy, as well as their limitations. PR14: To have the skills to solve complex problems and practical problems involving the implementation of engineering projects and conducting research in accordance with specialization. PR15: Understand the main properties and limitations of applied materials, equipment and tools, engineering technologies and processes.
Required prior and related subjects: Technical thermodynamics Installation and repair of thermal power plant facilities Thermal electric stations Execution and defense of bachelor's qualification work
Summary of the subject: The discipline provides for the study of scientific concepts, theories and methods, which are necessary for understanding the principles of operation and functional purpose of heat energy equipment, as well as familiarization with technical characteristics, design features, purposes and rules of operation of equipment of heat energy systems.
Опис: Topic 1. Energy resources, types of stations, TPP load schedules. The main indicators that characterize the daily load schedule. Topic 2. Schematic diagram of a condensing steam turbine installation. Description of the technological thermal scheme. Scheme of natural gas supply to the boiler. Scheme of fuel oil supply to the boiler. Topic 3. Operating modes of power units under nominal, sliding and combined pressure. Power unit overload mode. Load range of power units during operation in different modes. Topic 4 Characteristics of partial loads of heat-generating equipment. Operation of drum and direct-flow boilers at partial loads. Topic 5. Analysis of TPP operation in the conditions of a sharply variable electrical load schedule. Topic 6. Basic constructive solutions of chamber smokehouses, profile and layout. Aerodynamics of chamber fuels. Topic 7. Hydrodynamic processes in screens of steam boilers with natural circulation. Modes, structure of the steam-water mixture in the pipes and characteristics of the flow of the working medium. Reliability of circulation modes. Topic 8. Modes of operation of boilers with natural circulation. Hydrodynamics of direct-flow boilers. Peculiarities of operation of metal pipes of heating surfaces. Types and sizes of steam boilers. Topic 9. Peculiarities of the water regime. Steam separation and washing. Factors affecting droplet removal. Systems of the gas-air tract. Supercharged and high-pressure steam generators. Topic 10. Regulating mode of steam overheating. The value of steam superheat stability, what are the methods of steam superheat regulation. Surface steam coolers, injection steam coolers. Topic 11. Peculiarities of operation of steam heat exchangers. Steam bypass. Regulation of steam overheating by the method of distribution of flue gases along gas ducts, changing the position of the torch in the fuel tank and recirculation of flue gases. Topic 12. Design features of water economizers for operation in the low temperature zone. Topic 13. Design features of recuperative and regenerative air heaters and their modes of operation Topic 14. Preparation of units for operation. Variants of basic start-up schemes of power units. Modes of starting and stopping TPP equipment. Topic 15. Modes that cause contamination of external heating surfaces. Abrasive wear, corrosion, and cleaning of heating surfaces.
Assessment methods and criteria: Current monitoring of practical classes is carried out in order to identify the student's readiness for classes in the following forms: • oral survey before the start of classes; • assessment of the student's activity in the course of classes, submitted proposals, original solutions, clarifications and definitions, additions to previous answers, etc.; • surveys and reports during the practical session. Examination control is carried out in the form of a written and oral survey and/or test control. The final control is carried out based on the results of the current control and semester examination control.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Current control (28%), oral examination. Final control (72%) control measure, test
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88 points – (“excellent”) is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied in their interrelationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions, the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 87–71 points – (“good”) is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions posed, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical tasks; 70 – 50 points – (“satisfactory”) awarded for weak knowledge of the component’s educational material, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 49-26 points - ("not certified" with the possibility of retaking the semester control) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 25-00 points - ("unsatisfactory" with mandatory re-study) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions.
Recommended books: 1. Omelyanovsky P., Mysak Y. Thermal energy - new challenges of the time. Lviv. Ukrainian Technologies Fund, 2009 - 660 p. 2. Rules of technical operation of electrical stations and networks. Manual. Volume I and II/ Edited by Y.S. Mysaka - K.: OEP "GRIFRE", 2008, -1110p. 3. Technical operation of electrical stations and networks. Rules. GDK 34.20.507. - K.: OEP "GRIFRE", 2003. -508 p. 4. Mysak Y.S., Ivasyk Y.F., Gut P.O., Lashkovska N.M. Objects of thermal power stations. Modes of operation and operation. – Lviv: Publishing House of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic", 2007. – 256 p. 5. Yanko P.I., Mysak Y.S. Modes of operation of energy boilers. - Lviv: "Ukrainian Technologies" Scientific Research Institute, 2004. - 272 p. Supporting literature 6. Mysak Y.S., Timofeev I.L., Zayats M.F. Water preparation, water-chemical regime and conservation of thermal energy equipment of power plants. Training manual / - Lviv: Ukrainian Technologies Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2009. -167 p. 7. Mysak Y.S., Rymar T.I., Zayats M.F. Increasing the efficiency of RPP operation and the efficiency of TPP boiler units. Monograph. - Lviv: Ukrainian Technologies Fund, 2018. -250 p.
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