Fundamentals of Biochemistry

Major: Chemical Technology and Engineering
Code of subject: 6.161.12.E.073
Credits: 3.00
Department: Organic Chemistry
Lecturer: prof. Yurij Stetsyshyn
Semester: 5 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: The discipline "Fundamentals of Biochemistry" is a special course for students studying "Chemical Technology and Engineering" and will specialize in "Chemical Technology of Food Additives and Cosmetics" in the future. Its goal is to acquaint students with the basics of biochemistry and basic biochemical processes.
Завдання: As a result of studying the academic discipline, the student should be able to demonstrate the following learning outcomes: 1. modern understanding of basic life processes at the molecular level, the composition and structure of cell membranes and the cells themselves; 2. to know the chemistry, physicochemical properties and purpose of the main classes of biological molecules in the body; 3. know the ways of biosynthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins; 4. know the ways of protein synthesis, understand the connection between such fundamental processes as replication, repair, transcription and translation; 5. be able to use qualitative and quantitative analyzes to determine the presence and content of individual biological molecules.
Learning outcomes: • Modern understanding of the main vital process in molecular level, composition and structure of the cellular membranes and cells; • To know chemistry, physic-chemistry properties and roles of the main classes of the biomolecules in organism; • To know the metabolitic patchways for synthesis of the lipids, saccharide, amino acids and vitamins; • To know the metabolitic patchways for synthesis proteins, to understand the interactions between such fundamental processes as replication, reparation, transcription and translation; • To be able using qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine existence and amount of the certain biological molecules.
Required prior and related subjects: • Organic Chemistry • Chemistry of the Organic Natural Substances • Chemistry and technology of the cosmetics
Summary of the subject: The Foundations of Biochemistry. Main stages in development and modern progress in theory and practice. Importance trends modern biochemistry. Biochemical reactions in technical process. Cellular and extracellular levels of organization of organisms. Cells and their structural elements. Chemical components of the alive organism. Main classes of the biomolecules. Inorganic ions. Secondary metabolites. Saccharides. Lipides. Proteins. Amino acids. Enzyms – biological catalyzer. Nucleic acids. Vitamins. Liposoluble vitamins. Watersoluble vitamins. Vitamin similar substances. Metabolic of the saccharides. Glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, glyoxylate cycle. Citric acid cycle. Digestion, Mobilization, and Transport of Fats. Oxidation of fatty acids. Synthesis of ketone bodies. Biosynthesis fatty acids and lipids. Degradation of proteins. Catabolism of amino acids. Catabolism of carbon frame in amino acids. Nitrogen Excretion and the Urea Cycle. Structure of chromosomes. DNA replication. Nucleic acids reparation. Transcription. Translation.
Опис: The educational discipline "Fundamentals of biological chemistry" is included in the educational programs of students of chemical specialties of higher technical educational institutions. Its main focus is on highlighting the interrelationships of biological processes with chemical and food production. For this, the course provides basic data on all the main classes of biological compounds that can be contained in food products. Data on their content in food products, as well as their role in the functioning of living organisms, are given. In addition, transformations of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the process of their metabolism are described. Considerable attention is devoted to the problem of the connection of chemical transformations with the processes that occur during the processing of food products. The content of the discipline is covered in the following points: The subject of biochemistry. The main stages of its development and modern achievements in theory and practice. Priority areas of modern biochemistry. Biochemical reactions in technological processes. Cellular and extracellular levels of organization of living organisms. Cells and their structural elements. Chemical composition of living organisms. The main classes of biomolecules in living organisms. Mineral substances. Primary and secondary metabolites. Carbohydrates Lipids. Squirrels Amino acids. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Nucleic acids. Vitamins and their role. Fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin-like compounds. Carbohydrate metabolism. Glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, pentose phosphate pathway. Krebs cycle. Transformation of lipids during digestion. Intracellular hydrolysis of lipids. Biooxidation of fatty acids. Synthesis of ketone bodies. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids. Conversion of proteins during digestion. Catabolism of amino acids. Catabolism of the carbon skeleton of amino acids. Ammonia exchange. The structure of chromosomes. DNA replication. Repair of nucleic acids. Transcription process. Broadcast process.
Assessment methods and criteria: • Written report from laboratory work, oral questioning, individual research work – 40 points; • Final control (written form) - 60 points.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Maximum score in points = Current control (PC) + Credit control (ZK) Total points = 40+60=100
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88 points – (“excellent”) is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied in their interrelationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions, the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 87–71 points – (“good”)is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions posed, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 70 – 50 points – (“satisfactory”) awarded for weak knowledge of the component’s educational material, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 49-26 points - ("not certified" with the possibility of retaking the semester control) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 25-00 points - ("unsatisfactory" with mandatory re-study) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions.
Recommended books: 1. Кучеренко Н.Е. и др. Биохимия: учебник -К. Вища школа, 1988. – 432 с.:ил. 2. Б.Албертс, Д.Брей, Дж.Льюис й др. Молекулярная биология клетки. В 5-ти т. М.: Мир, 1986. т.1-5. 3. Ленинджер А. Основи биохимии: В 3 т. М.: Мир, 1985. Т.1-3. 4. А.Уайт, Ф.Хендлер, З.Смит и др. Основи биохимии: В З-х т. М.: Мир, 1981. т.1-3. 5. А.Я. Николаев. Биологическая химия. Учеб. для мед. спец. вузов. -М.:Высш.шк.,1989.- 495 с. 6. Вороніна Л.Н., Десенко В.Ф., Мадієвская Н.Н. Біологічна хімія. -Х.: Основа, 2000. - 549 с. 7. Березов Т.Т., Коровкина Б.Ф. Биологическая химия. -М.: Медицина, 1990. - 528 с. 8. Кагава Я. Биомембраны. К.: Вища школа, 1986. 303 с.
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