Theoretical Foundations of Production and Processing of Plastics

Major: Chemical Technology and Engineering
Code of subject: 6.161.13.E.110
Credits: 5.00
Department: Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing
Lecturer: Assoc. Bratychak M.M. Prof. Grytsenko O.M.
Semester: 6 семестр
Mode of study: денна
Мета вивчення дисципліни: The purpose of studying the academic discipline is for students to acquire theoretical knowledge that is necessary for the rational implementation of technological processes of the synthesis of polymers with a given structure and properties and to acquaint students with the theory of polymer processing as a set of elementary primary processes, as well as to provide theoretical knowledge in the field of processes and phenomena that occur during the processing of polymer materials into products.
Завдання: The study of an educational discipline involves the formation of competencies in students of education: integral competence: The ability to solve complex specialized tasks and practical problems of chemical technologies and engineering during professional activity or in the process of learning, which involves the application of certain theories and methods of chemistry, chemical technologies and engineering and are characterized by complexity and uncertainty of conditions. general competences: - Ability to think abstractly, analyze, learn and master modern knowledge. - Ability to apply knowledge in practical situations. - Knowledge and understanding of the subject area and understanding of professional activity. professional competences of specialization: - The ability to use the provisions and methods of fundamental sciences to solve professional problems. - Ability to use modern materials, technologies and apparatus designs in chemical engineering. - Ability to choose and use appropriate equipment, tools and methods for control and management of technological processes of chemical production. - Ability to use professional knowledge and practical skills to solve specific tasks in the field of monomer technologies and high molecular weight substances. - The ability to use professional knowledge and practical skills to solve specific tasks in the field of technologies for the production and processing of plastic masses and composites.
Learning outcomes: As a result of studying the academic discipline, the applicant must be able to demonstrate the following learning outcomes: - to know and reasonably choose the method of synthesis of polymers; - know and be able to select the conditions and regimes of polymer synthesis processes; - to know directions for regulating the structure and properties of polymers; - to know how to influence chemical and physicochemical processes during the production of polymers. - to know the basic theories related to elementary processing processes and rheology of polymers; - to know the main rheological properties of polymers and their influence on the conditions of formation and operation of products; - to have modern ideas about the physical essence of the technological processes of processing polymers into finished products; - Correctly use terminology based on the concept of chemistry, chemical technologies, processes and equipment for production of chemical substances and materials based on them in professional activities. - To know and understand the mechanisms and kinetics of chemical processes, to use them effectively in the design and improvement of technological processes and apparatus of the chemical industry. - Ability to continue learning with a significant degree of autonomy.
Required prior and related subjects: Previous academic disciplines General chemistry Analytical chemistry Organic chemistry Associated and subsequent academic disciplines Special technological processes of synthesis and modification of polymers New technologies in the production of high molecular weight compounds Basics of polymer chemistry
Summary of the subject: The course of lectures "Theoretical bases of production and processing of plastic masses" is dedicated to the study of the conditions of synthesis and properties of high molecular compounds-polymers and their products. At the modern level, the fundamental foundations of the physico-chemistry of polymers are described, the methods of their synthesis by polymerization, polycondensation and polymer-analogous transformations are described. The main types of polymers, their classification and methods of processing high molecular weight compounds are characterized. Physico-mechanical properties of polymers and areas of their use in industry, agriculture and everyday life are given. The discipline introduces the basics of rheology, development of mathematical models and theoretical analysis of polymer processing processes. The main types of deformation and features of the flow of polymer systems, the concept of viscosity, its dependence on various factors, and research methods are considered. The theoretical foundations and features of polymer mixing are studied. The classification and characteristics of rheological fluids, the most common rheological models of polymer systems, are presented. The influence of normal stresses on polymer flow processes in channels of different cross-sections is considered. The material of the discipline can be used during course and diploma projects.
Опис: 1. Stages of development of chemistry of the Navy. Basic concepts of polymer chemistry. Chemical composition and structure of polymers. Classification of the Navy. The structure of polymers and their special physical and chemical properties. Reactions of the synthesis of the Navy. 2. Radical polymerization. The structure of monomers and their reactivity. Radicals and their reactivity. Classification of radical reactions. Ways of generating free radicals. 3. Methods of radical polymerization. Block polymerization. Polymerization in solution. Complex radical polymerization. Suspension polymerization. Emulsion polymerization. 4. Radical copolymerization. Reactivity of monomers. The composition equation of copolymers. Ionic polymerization. Reactivity of monomers in ionic polymerization. Anionic polymerization. Coordination ion polymerization. 5. Methods of polycondensation. Polycondensation in melt, in solution, emulsion polycondensation. Interphase polycondensation, gas-phase polycondensation, polycondensation in the solid phase. Radical polycondensation. 6. Thermodynamics of polymerization processes. Thermal effects of reactions and bond energy. Ability of monomers to polymerize. The limiting temperature of polymerization. Influence of pressure on the limit temperature. 7. Equilibrium concentration of monomer. Calculation of the theoretically possible polymer yield during equilibrium polymerization. The influence of the environment and phase transformations on the thermodynamics of the polymerization process. Influence of the polymerization mechanism. Dependence of the equilibrium temperature on the pressure of the gaseous monomer. 8. Types of polymerization reactors. Model of the ideal displacement polymerization reactor (PIV). Model of the polymerization reactor of ideal mixing (RIZ). Cascade model DIFF. 9. Temperature regime of the polymerization reactor. Closed systems. Polymerization in the adiabatic mode. Open systems. Real deviations from idealized models. 10. Rheology, as a science of the flow of materials. Meaning and tasks of rheology. Axioms of polymer rheology. Basic concepts of rheology. 11. Voltage. Shear stress. Shear speed. Accumulation and dissipation of energy. Deformation. The main types of deformation. Elastic deformation. Elasticity. Plastic deformation. Viscosity. Viscous flow. Types of flow. Highly elastic and plastic deformation of polymers. Specific features of polymer flow. 12. Classification of rheological fluids. Newtonian fluids. Non-Newtonian fluids. Stationary non-Newtonian fluids. Bingham plastic liquids. Pseudoplastic liquids. Dilatant liquids. Unsteady non-Newtonian fluids. Thixotropic liquids (true thixotropic, quasi-thixotropic, anti-thixotropic media). Rheopectic liquids. Viscoelastic liquids. 13. Viscosity. Dynamic and kinematic coefficient of viscosity. Determination of dynamic viscosity coefficient from flow curves. Flow curves. Current index. Power law. Effect of temperature on rheological properties of polymers. Effect of temperature and pressure on the viscosity of polymers. Kinetics of shrinkage and expansion processes. Normal stresses in polymer flow processes. Elastic recovery of the stream. The Weissenberg effect. Distortion of the extrudate surface. Input effects. 14. Theoretical bases of polymer mixing. A brief description of mixing. Periodic mixing. Continuous mixing. Classification of mixers. Batch mixers. Mixers of continuous action. Basic criteria of the mixing process. Features of mixing polymer melts. Molecular diffusion. 15. Convective mixing. Dispersion. Homogenization. Laminar mixing. Laminar mixing of rheological homogeneous liquids. Deformation distribution function and rheological characteristics. Laminar mixing of rheologically heterogeneous liquids. The effect of the viscosity ratio of the components on mixing.
Assessment methods and criteria: Methods of monitoring students' knowledge, abilities and skills are current and final monitoring. Current control includes preparation and participation in practical (seminar) classes. The final control is carried out in the form of an exam, which includes: a written test, a standardized (test) control and an oral survey.
Критерії оцінювання результатів навчання: Current control is carried out in the process of implementation and practical classes. Each practical lesson is evaluated in 1 point, of which 0.5 point is for work preparation, 0.5 point is for quality and oral answer. The exam is conducted in written and oral form (examination written control is estimated at 70 points, oral component - 15 points). Examination control in written form is carried out at the National Security Service and consists of questions of two levels: Level 1 - 40 test questions with a yes/no answer, the correct answer to each of which is valued at 1 point (the grade is assigned automatically), the wrong answer to the question is valued at 0 points. There is only one correct answer to each question; - 15 test questions with an answer, the correct answer to each of which is evaluated at 2 points (the score is assigned automatically), the incorrect answer to the question is evaluated at 0 points. There is only one correct answer to each question; The oral examination involves a sample question from different sections of the course and the completion of simple tasks.
Порядок та критерії виставляння балів та оцінок: 100–88 points – (“excellent”) is awarded for a high level of knowledge (some inaccuracies are allowed) of the educational material of the component contained in the main and additional recommended literary sources, the ability to analyze the phenomena being studied, in their relationship and development, clearly, succinctly, logically, consistently answer the questions, the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 87–71 points – (“good”) is awarded for a generally correct understanding of the educational material of the component, including calculations, reasoned answers to the questions posed, which, however, contain certain (insignificant) shortcomings, for the ability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical tasks; 70 – 50 points – (“satisfactory”) awarded for weak knowledge of the component’s educational material, inaccurate or poorly reasoned answers, with a violation of the sequence of presentation, for weak application of theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 49-26 points - ("not certified" with the possibility of retaking the semester control) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to apply theoretical provisions when solving practical problems; 25-00 points - ("unsatisfactory" with mandatory re-study) is awarded for ignorance of a significant part of the educational material of the component, significant errors in answering questions, inability to navigate when solving practical problems, ignorance of the main fundamental provisions.
Recommended books: 1. Suberlyak O.V., Skorohoda V.Y., Semenyuk N.B. Theoretical bases of chemistry and technology of polymers. Education manual. – Lviv: University of Lviv Polytechnic. - 2014. - 344 p. 2. Baghdasaryan H.S. Theory of radical polymerization. - M.: Nauka, 1966. 3. Berlin A., Wolfson V. Kinetic method in the synthesis of polymers. - M. 2005. 4. Ivanchev S. Radical polymerization. - M. 2003. 5. Sokolov L. Polycondensation method of polymer synthesis. - M. 1999. 6. Schwartz M. Anionic polymerization. - M. 2006. 7. Shur A.I. High molecular weight compounds. - M. 2000. 8. Bortnikov V. G. Fundamentals of plastic mass processing technology: Uch. village for universities. - L.: Chemistry, 1983. - 304 p. 9. Turner R.V. Theoretical basis of polymer processing (mechanics of processes).-M. Chemistry, 1977.-464p. 10. Tadmor Z., Gogos K. Theoretical basics of polymer processing, (from English), Moscow: Khimiya, 1984. – 632p. 11. Sheryshev M.A. Mathematical description of plastic processing processes. - Moscow.: RKTU. - 2005. - 144 p.
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Академічна доброчесність: The policy regarding the academic integrity of the participants of the educational process is formed on the basis of compliance with the principles of academic integrity, taking into account the norms "Regulations on academic integrity at the Lviv Polytechnic National University" (approved by the academic council of the university on June 20, 2017, protocol No. 35).